M2: Sociology of Deviance and Social Control

Question 1

3 critiques of lombroso and pathology

Answer 1

1. Similar characteristics may be a coincidence
2. Atavism does not exist
3. Physical attributes correlate with Italian location

Question 2

Lombroso (1)

Answer 2

Pathology

Question 3

Sheldon (1)

Answer 3

Body Shapes

Question 4

According to Sheldon, a hard, muscular body shape is called

Answer 4

Mesomorphe

Question 5

Edward Wilson (1)

Answer 5

Sociobiology

Question 6

Arguing for a predisposition to crime is what theory?

Answer 6

Sociobiological

Question 7

Wilson argues that family violence is more common amongst adopters because…

Answer 7

there is no genes present in child victims, therefore not against evolutionary instincts

Question 8

Who argues that crime decreases in the west due to evolution

Answer 8

Pinker

Question 9

Rose (1)

Answer 9

Biocriminology

Question 10

Attention to a genetically-at-risk individual would be under the theory of

Answer 10

Biocriminology

Question 11

Id (1)

Answer 11

Primal

Question 12

Ego (1)

Answer 12

Reality

Question 13

Superego (1)

Answer 13

Morality

Question 14

Bandura (1)

Answer 14

Social Learning

Question 15

The argument that aggressiveness can come from experiencing physical punishment is of what theory?

Answer 15

Social learning

Question 16

5 Zones in the Concentric Zone Model, starting from the center

Answer 16

1. Central business district
2. Transitional zone
3. Working class
4. Residential
5. Commuter zone

Question 17

An ecological perspective on crime would say that certain areas are in turmoil because…

Answer 17

they are socially disorganized

Question 18

Which two theorists would link social inequality with working class exclusion

Answer 18

Cohen and Merton

Question 19

Strain theory sees crime as a

Answer 19

lower class phenomenon

Question 20

Cohen sees subcultures as

Answer 20

an alternative way to gain status

Question 21

Hirschi (1)

Answer 21

Control Theory

Question 22

To see society’s role as a set of institutions that act to control and regulate rule breaking behavior is of what theory?

Answer 22

Control theory

Question 23

4 types of social bonds

Answer 23

1. commitments
2. beliefs
3. involvements
4. attachments

Question 24

2 inner controls

Answer 24

1. Commitments

2. Beliefs

Question 25

2 outer controls

Answer 25

Involvements and attachments

Question 26

Commitments

Answer 26

an investment or stake in controlling behavior

Question 27

term for loyalty to dominant value system

Answer 27

beliefs

Question 28

Edwin Sutherland (1)

Answer 28

Differential Association

Question 29

According to differential association theory, humans act in reference to

Answer 29

environment

Question 30

According to differential association theory, criminal activity is...

Answer 30

learned

Question 31

Type of theory that assumes that behavior is a result of conscious decision making and focuses on the criminal event

Answer 31

rational choice theory

Question 32

Critique of rational choice theory

Answer 32

assumes everyone is capable of making rational decisions

Question 33

Which theory states that crime changes with changes in lifestyle?

Answer 33

Routine activity theory

Question 34

Which theory does not focus on motivation and assumes vulnerable environment leads to crime

Answer 34

routine activity theoyr

Question 35

Merton's 2 key elements to social and cultural structure

Answer 35

1. Culturally defined goals, purposes and interests | 2. Institutional means to achieving goals

Question 36

the 5 alternative models of adjustment

Answer 36

1. Conformity 2. Innovation 3. Ritualism 4. Retreatism 5. Rebellion

Question 37

Mode that accepts cultural goals and institutional norms

Answer 37

conformity

Question 38

Mode that both accepts and eliminates cultural goals and institutional means

Answer 38

Rebellion

Question 39

Mode that accepts goals, eliminates means

Answer 39

innovation

Question 40

2 modes that eliminate both goals and means

Answer 40

ritualism and retreatism

Question 41

terms for gaining culturally defined success but without internalizing morally prescribed norms

Answer 41

illegitimacy adjustment

Question 42

Pursuing cultural goals through socially approved means

Answer 42

conformity

Question 43

Using socially unapproved means to obtain culturally approved goals, such as dealing drugs

Answer 43

innovation

Question 44

using the same socially approved means to achieve less elusive goals (more modest and humble)

Answer 44

ritualism

Question 45

to reject both the cultural goals the means to obtain it, then find a way to escape it

Answer 45

retreatism

Question 46

to reject the cultural goals and means, then work to replace them

Answer 46

rebellion

Question 47

Low regulation suicide carried out during period of stress and frustraion

Answer 47

anomic

Question 48

low integration suicide feeling alone

Answer 48

egoistic

Question 49

high integration suicide for sacrifice for cult or religion

Answer 49

altruistic

Question 50

High regulation suicide when people are kept under tight reg

Answer 50

fatalistic

Question 51

another word for circular reasoning

Answer 51

tautological

Question 52

type of explanation of phenomena by the purpose they serve rather than their causes

Answer 52

false teleology