SOC152A STI/STD CHART Flashcards
Scabies (scabies mite)
Transmission:
- can be passed by close physical contact (sexual and nonsexual)
- easily passed in crowded conditions
Symptoms:
Men and women -
- itching, rash (may be so severe as to disrupt sleep)
- visible reddish tracks, spots or pustules (due to tunneling by female mites)
additional info:
- mites are not usually seen
- mites do not require hairy skin
- may be found in hairless areas
- treated by topical insecticidal lotion or cream
- possibly infested items must be washed and dried
Pubic Lice
Transmission:
- direct contact (body contact or thru shared bedding, clothing, towels, etc.)
- may also spread to other hairy areas of the skin
Symptoms:
men and women -
- itching at site of irritation
- any damage done by scratching
- may be able to see “nits,” pubic lice eggs
additional info:
- treated by topical insecticidal lotions or shampoos (should not be used by pregnant or nursing women or young
children)
- shaving of affected area
- must wash towels, sheets, and clothes
Trichomoniasis
Transmission:
- usually passed thru sexual contact
Symptoms:
Men - (usu. asympto.)
- slight discharge from urethra
- frequent and painful urination
Women - (possibly asympto.)
- foul-smelling/frothy/greenish vaginal discharge, abdominal discomfort
- vaginal itching and redness
- urge to urinate frequently
additional info;
- infected persons’ partner should be treated at the same time
- partners can pass it back and forth between them
- treated by oral Flagyl (not be used during preg)
Syphilis
Transmission:
- spread by direct contact (nearly always sexual)
- mother to fetus
Symptoms:
Men and Women -
- primary: chancre at site of infection (starts as red bump, becomes sore or ulcer)
- secondary: painless rash (which may affect palms and soles of feet), fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, muscle pain
- Latent: none
- Tertiary syphilis: large ulcers may appear on skin or internal organs, organ damage
additional info:
- chancre may transmit HIV
- in latent phase, person is no longer infectious to partners
- tertiary syphilis occurs in about 15% of cases
- treated by injected Penicillin
- though there is effective antibiotic treatment, syphilis has managed to resist elimination
Gonorrhea (aka “the clap” or “the drip”)
transmission:
- sexual contact (including oral and anal)
symptoms:
Men - may be asympto.
- thick discharge of pus from urethra
- burning during urination
- epididymitis
Women - may be asympto.
- yellow, or bloody vaginal discharge
- bleeding during coitus
- burning during urination
- may cause PID
- rectal discharge, anal itching, painful bloody bowel movements in both
additional info:
- very common
- babies can be infected, which usually happens in the eyes and during the birth process
- treated w/ oral antibiotics
Chlamydia
transmission:
- sexual contact (can be spread to mouth and throat)
- woman to infant during childbirth
symptoms:
men - may be asympto.
- thin, urethral or anal discharge
- burning during urination
- epididymitis, prostatitis
women - often asympto.
- thin vaginal or anal discharge
- painful urination
- can cause PID, which may lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy
*local pain or irritation in both
additional info:
- oral antibiotics
Herpes
transmission:
- sexual or nonsexual contact
- HSV 1 (oral herpes, “fever blisters”, “cold sores”) - passed primarily thru kissing and oral sex
- HSV 2 (genital herpes) - passed primarily thru genital contact, including oral and anal sex
- HSV 1 can be located on the genitals and vice versa
symptoms:
men and women -
- recurrent breakouts of blisters or fissures localized at site of infection, may be painful (can also be painless or mildly itchy)
- reddish, slightly elevated spots or clusters of spots
- fever, swollen lymph nodes
- can increase risk of cervical cancer
additional info:
- most common STD in the US
- can spread to other parts of body (eyes via fingers)
- treated by oral antivirals, Valtrex
- not curable, tho treatment may reduce outbreaks
- easily to transfer virus to Px during outbreaks
- transmission between outbreaks is also a possibility
- can transmit to child during. birth process (can be fatal to the infant)
- the majority of ppl infected don’t know it
Genital warts (HPV type 6 or 11)
transmission:
- primarily thru sexual contact (including oral and anal sex)
symptoms:
men and women - may be asympto.
- soft pink bumps/cauliflower type growths
- genital or anal warts
- cancer of external genitalia (rare)
additional info:
- removal of warts by freezing, but not HPV
*HPV infection is a cause of cancers of the mouth, throat, and vulva
*estimated 50-75% of sex active become affected
precancerous changes in cervix or anus (other HPV types)
transmission:
- primarily thru sexual contact (including oral and anal sex)
symptoms:
Men and women - usu. asympto.
- none at early stages
- can cause cervical and anal cancer
additional info:
- vaccine against types 16 & 18 (i.e., Gardasil)
* know about this vaccine, pg. 486 and in notes
Hepatitis B
transmission:
- sexual contact (including anal and oral sex)
- contact w/ contaminated blood (i.e., sharing needles)
symptoms:
men and women -
- jaundice, fever, malaise, tenderness and swelling of the liver
- most ppl recover
- chronic hepatitis and liver problems (cancer, failure, and cirrhosis)
additional info:
- no specific treatment for acute infection; several oral antivirals avail for chronic hepatitis
- vaccine avail
- Hep C is also an important cause of chronic liver disease, but it is not commonly sexually transmitted
Hepatitis A
transmission:
- fecal oral route (but not necessarily sexual, as it may be spread by food handlers)
Symptoms:
men and women -
- similar to Hep B, but milder
- does not progress to chronic hepatitis
additional info:
- no specific treatment
- vaccine avail
HIV/AIDS
transmission:
- sexual contact (especially, P/V and anal sex; oral sex is less common)
- contaminated blood (needles, transfusions)
- mother to fetus & breastfeeding
*virus can be found in semen, blood, vaginal secretions, tears, saliva, and breast milk
symptoms:
Men and women -
- acute flu like illness
- symptoms vary
- after latent period, opportunistic infections
- cervical cancer, lymphoma, wasting
additional info:
- not curable
- combo of several oral antiviral drugs (HAART)
- death not caused by HIV but rather the opportunistic infections as a result of a failed immune system
- young gay and bisexual men are particularly at risk
- without treatment, ppl w/ AIDS typically survive less than a year before succumbing to complications
bacterial vaginosis
condition where normal vaginal microorganisms are replaced by other bacterial species
- status as STD is uncertain, but common in sex.
active W - causes itching, discomfort and foul-smelling discharge
- may lead to PID and premature delivery in W
- may be asympto. in M & W or accompanied by
urethritis in M
Urethritis
inflammation of the urethra, usu. caused by an infection
- common but not necessarily caused by sex. trans.
- gonorrhea may be a cause of urethritis in M, if it is
not then it is called nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) - symptoms: painful urination, urethral discharge
- can spread to bladder (cystitis) and reproductive
tract
Molluscum Contagiosum
skin condition caused by a pox virus
- transmitted by direct skin to skin contact, and contact with infected clothing or towels (non-sexual
transmission is common) - marked by small, raised bumps
- does not cause any serious health problems
