SOC152A Contraception Flashcards
Male Condom
What is it/How does it work?
- disposable sheath placed over penis before coitus
- prevents semen from entering the vagina
Advantages:
- cheap/readily accessible
- reliable when properly used
- STI protection
- no side effects of hormone-based contraception
- fully/immediately reversible
Disadvantages:
- may lower spontaneity
- male must maintain erection for duration of condom use
- may decrease erotic sensation
- reliability is less than ideal w/ typical use
PUFR
- 2%
additional info:
- most made of latex, other forms avail
- some coated w/ spermicide
Female Condom
What is it/How does it work?
- polyurethane plastic pouch inserted into the vagina
- condom covers the entirety of the vagina and adjacent parts of the vulva
Advantages:
- only female controlled contraceptive to offer STD protection
- allows for spontaneity (can be inserted up to 8 hours before)
- does not require male to maintain erection
- easily and immediately reversible
- can be used for anal sex
Disadvantages:
- may decrease erotic sensation or distracting noise
- possibility of inserting penis unwillingly outside of condom
- possibility of entire condom being drawn into vagina
- should not be used w/ male condom simultaneously
PUFR:
5%
Additional Info:
- male condom preferred method
- to use: inner ring squeezed between fingers then pushed into vagina until it can’t be felt; larger end should remain outside
diaphragms
What is it/How does it work?
- dome shaped latex or rubber barrier placed over the cervix
- prevents sperm from entering the cervix
Advantages:
- more spontaneity than condoms (can be inserted beforehand)
- does not usually affect sensation
- relatively cheap
- long term use associated w/ lower risk of cervical cancer
Disadvantages:
- inconvenient (needs to be fitted, inserted, removed, cleaned)
- occasionally dislodged during coitus
- less STD protection than condoms
- spermicide can cause irritation
occasional UTI occurrence
PUFR:
6%
Additional Info:
- must be used in conjunction w/ a spermicidal cream or jelly
- less than 1 in 50 women use it
cervical cap
What is it/How does it work?
- small rubber or plastic cap that holds like a suction cup onto the cervix
- spermicide is placed on the inside of the cap prior to insertion
Advantages:
- similar to those of diaphragm, but some differences:
- cervical cap as an alternative to diaphragm (some women have difficulty w/ diaphragm)
Disadvantages:
- similar to diaphragm:
- failure rate is higher, especially in women who had children
- difficult to insert properly
- can be dislodged during coitus
PUFR:
18%
Additional Info:
- must be prescribed and individually fitted
- FemCap approved in 2003
- good for W who need to be in charge of their own contraception w/o using hormones
spermicides (foams, creams, and suppositories)
What is it/How does it work?
- chemicals that kills sperm
- placed into the vagina no more than 2 hours ahead of time, must remain for at least 6 hours after
Advantages:
- avail w/o prescription
- inexpensive
- few side effects
Disadvantages:
- failure rates high when solo method
- best used in combo w/ barrier methods
- no significant STD protection
PUFR:
9-18%
Additional Info:
- avail as a contraceptive in a variety of forms
- today sponge acts as both a physical barrier and spermicide releasing agent
intrauterine devices (paragard/copper T and Mirena)
What is it/How does it work?
- IUD
- T shaped device placed in uterus
- causes low grade inflammation of the uterus that interferes w/ sperm transport
Advantages:
- as effective as female sterilization
- few side effects/no systematic hormonal side effects
- convenient / non-intrusive (only check thread once a month)
- reversible immediately on removal
- significant protection against endometrial cancer
Disadvantages:
- one time cost high (200-600), but a money saver in the long run
- cramping/irregular bleeding may occur
- w/ ParaGard, increased menstrual flow
- no STD protection
- for W w/ and STD, IUD can increase likelihood of PID
- increased risk of ectopic pregnancy
PUFR:
0.2-0.6%
Additional Info:
- two models of IUD’s avail in US
- less than 1% of Americans use IUDs
- ParaGard can be left in for up to 12 years, Mirena lasts for 5
combination pill
What is it/How does it work?
- contains estrogen and progestin
- prevents ovulation and causes cervix to secrete thick mucus to prevent sperm from entering uterus
Advantages:
- extremely reliable w/ perfect use
- convenient and reversible
- may have significant health benefits (lowered risk of ovarian/endometrial cancer, decreased prevalence/severity of anemia, among others)
- light menstrual flows
Disadvantages:
- no STD/HIV protection
- remember to take pill every day!
- side effects (ACHES)
- risk for W who are over 35 and smoke is particularly high
- nursing mothers shouldn’t use
PUFR:
0.3%
Additional Info:
- one pill taken every day for 21 days
- continuous use may eliminate menstrual periods
- extended use regimens (i.e., Seasonale: 1 pill everyday for 12 wks with 7 dummy pills; 4 menstrual periods a year)
- irregular spotting/breakthru bleeding is common w/ these methods
progestin-only pills
What is it/How does it work?
- contains a low dose of progestin and no strogen
- alters cervical mucus (making it viscous/hostile to sperm transport)
- interferes w/ implantation in endometrium
Advantages:
- similar to combination pills
- lack estrogenic side effects of combo pills
- can be used by breastfeeding mothers (6 wks after birth)
Disadvantages:
- similar to combo pills without the same side effects
- disrupts menstrual cycles for W who were previously regular
PUFR:
0.3%
Additional Info:
- pill must be taken every single day
depo-provera
What is it/How does it work?
- non oral hormone-based contraceptive
- slow-release form of progestin
Advantages:
- requires an injection every 3 months, increased spontaneity
- lack of estrogenic side effects
- cessation of menstrual periods may appeal to W
Disadvantages:
- repeated medical visits needed
- no STD/HIV protection
- irregular, prolonged bleeding
- fully reversible, but once injected cannot be removed and may take 3 months for side effects to go away
- loss of bone density
PUFR:
0.3%
Additional Info:
- provides contraception for 3 moths
- yearly costs ranges anywhere between 200-300
- administered w/in a few days of menstruation
transdermal patches (ortho evra)
What is it/How does it work?
- patch containing hormones that diffuse slowly into the body thru the skin
- W use one patch every week for 3 weeks, then one week without patch
Advantages:
- similar to that of combo pills w/ a few differences:
- easier to use, compliance is better
- increase in spontaneity
Disadvantages:
- local skin reactions
- patch may become loose or fall off
- not advised for smokers over 35
- 2x more expensive than combo pills
- increased risk of heart attack
PUFR:
0.3%
Additional Info:
- contains estrogen and progestin
- patch should ot be put on breasts, new location should be selected w/ every new patch
vaginal rings (NuvaRing)
What is it/How does it work?
- ring placed in vagina that releases a combo of estrogen and progestin
- ring in place for 3 weeks, then 1 week break
Advantages:
- similar to that of Ortho Evra, w/ a few differences:
- no skin reactions
- lower estrogen exposure
- nothing is visible
- increase in spontaneity
Disadvantages:
- ring may slip out
- may cause vaginal irritation/discharge
- reports of feeling ring during coitus
- ring must be protected from heat
PUFR:
0.3%
Additional Info:
- ring can be taken out before coitus, but must be replaced w/in 3 hours
Implants (Nexplanon)
What is it/How does it work?
- rod containing contraceptive hormones, implanted under the skin
Advantages:
- as reliable as sterilization
- no action required on part of user
Disadvantages:
- beg./end use more complicated
- implant causes bump in skin that can be felt or seen
- costs are higher ($400-$800)
- reliability uncertain for W over 220 lbs
PUFR:
0.05%
Additional Info:
- Nexplanon releases progestin
- rod is inserted under the skin of upper arm
- protection against pregnancy for 3 years
