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SOC construction (T/O) Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What are the types of lumber?
A

Hardwood
Softwood
Bamboo
Palm

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2
Q
  1. What are the three main classes of lumber?
A

Yard lumber (used for SOC)
Structural lumber
Factory/ Shop grade

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3
Q
  1. What are the two classifications of yard lumber?
A

1) Select lumber
Good appearance and finishing. Identified by Grade A thru D

2) Common Lumber
It is suitable for general construction and utility. Identified by Grades No. 1 Common thru 5 Common.

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4
Q
  1. Describe Select Lumber Grades
A

1) Grade A:
Suitable for natural finishes and practically clear
2) Grade B:
Suitable for natural finishes, and generally clear
3) Grade C:
Suitable for high quality paints and finishes
4) Grade D:
Suitable for paint between high finishing and common grades

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5
Q
  1. Describe Common Lumber Grades
A

1) No. 1:
Suitable for use without waste, it is sound and tight knotted. Considered watertight
2) No. 2:
Used for framing, sheathing and other structural forms
3) No. 3:
Permits some waste. Used for footings, guardrails, and rough flooring
4) No. 4:
Permits waste, is of low quality. Used for sheathing, subfloors, and roof boards
5) No. 5:
Used for boxes, crates, and dunnage where quality requirements are low

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6
Q
  1. What is nominal and actual measurement of 2 by 4?
A

Nominal 2” by 4”

Actual 1-1/2” and 3-1/2”

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7
Q
  1. Describe plywood
A

Fabricated from odd numbers of layers (plies) of wood bonded together
Comes in various thickness up to 1” (nominally 1”)
Both face grains run in the same direction
Standard 4’x8’

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8
Q
  1. Describe the BF (Board feet of lumber) formula
A

BF = (T x W x L x Number of pieces) / 12 or 144
T = thickness of the board
W= width of the board
L = length of the board
If L is in feet use 12, if L is in inches use 144

1 BF is 1’ x 1’ x 1”

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9
Q
  1. Describe Board Measure (BM)
A

Used to estimate the building materials for project by adding the waste factor

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10
Q
  1. What is the waste factor for Board Measure?
A

1” or smaller, add 20% (1.2)
2” or larger, add 10% (1.1)
(Less gets more, more gets less)

Only use a waste factor for plywood when told to do so (1.2)

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11
Q
  1. Describe BM formula
A 
BF X (1.2 OR 1.1) = BM 
(Only round up to whole number if going on to calculate nails)
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12
Q
  1. Describe formula plywood?
A

2(L + W) x H divide by 32 = amount of plywood (Round up to whole number)

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13
Q
  1. What is sheathing used for?
A

Floor, Wall, and Roof

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14
Q
  1. Why strong joint is important?
A

A structure is only as strong as its weakest joint

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15
Q
  1. What are the two types of strong connection?
A

Joints and Splices

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16
Q
  1. What is a joint?
A

A connection of two or more pieces that meet at an angle

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17
Q
  1. What is a splice?
A

A connection of two or more members that continue in a straight line

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18
Q
  1. What are the two types of joint?
A

Butt and Lap

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19
Q
  1. What are the three types of But Joints?
A

Straight Butt joint
Oblique Butt joint
Miter Butt joint

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20
Q
  1. What are the types of Lap joints?
A

Cross lap joint
Middle lap joint
Plan lap joint
Half lap joint

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21
Q

What is a splice designed to resist stresses of?

A

Tension, Compression, and Bending

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22
Q
  1. What are the four primary types of nails?
A

Common wire
Finishing
Scaffolding
Roofing

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23
Q

What is the range of nails size?

A

2d to 60d

1” thru 6”

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24
Q
  1. What size of nails to you use for sheathing?
A

2d-8d (Usually 8d in SOC)

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25
Q

What size of nails to you use for framing?

A

10d-60d (Usually 16d in SOC)

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26
Q
  1. What are the three rules of nailing?
A

1) Use proper nail size it must penetrate at least 2/3 into second board
2) Drive nails at a slight angle toward each other (x)
3) Use a good nailing pattern

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27
Q
  1. Describe Nail Formula
A

It is used to determine the amount of nails needed in pounds

1) Framing 10d to 60d
Pounds (p) = (d/6) x (BM/100)

2) Sheathing 2d to 8d
Pounds (p) = (d/4) x (BM/100)
• Round up to whole number

For 16d
P = 2.66 x BM/100

For 8d
P = 2 x BM/100

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28
Q
  1. What are the other Fasteners?
A

Spikes and Drift Pins
Screws
Bolts
Timber Connectors

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29
Q
  1. What is the design life?
A

How long can the building stand without major repairs

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30
Q
  1. What are the three categories of design life?
A

Permanent (25 years and more)
Semi-permanent (5 to 25 years)
Temporary (5 years or less)

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31
Q
  1. What are the three types of framing?
A

Platform (used extensively in military construction, studs extend 1 story high)
Balloon (full height studs)
Braced (old school)

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32
Q
  1. What is substructure?
A

Anything above foundation lines and below your feet is considered sub structure

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33
Q
  1. What are the four components of the substructure?
A

Footer, Girder, Joist, and Subfloor

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34
Q
  1. What is the proper spacing of Footers?
A

Footer should never be placed more than 10 feet apart.

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35
Q
  1. What are the components of of footer?
A

Footing
Spreader
Scab
Post

36
Q
  1. What are footers made of in SOC?
A

Pressure treated lumber

37
Q
  1. What is the spacing on center between joist?
A

16 inches

38
Q
  1. What is the proper placement of Joists?
A

Run perpendicular to load bearing walls and girders, 16” OC

39
Q
  1. Where should bridging should be constructed?
A

For every 8’ of span one line of bridging should be constructed

40
Q
  1. What is splice plates?
A

It covers a joint in joists, constructed of the same lumber used in the joists. 24” in length and cover both sides of the joint.

41
Q
  1. What are the special instruction of laying sub floor?
A

Off-set joints of the plywood by starting with a half sheet, the first course of plywood runs perpendicular to the joist (3/4 in treated plywood)

42
Q
  1. What is the special instruction on wood materials?
A

All wooden material should be treated if less than 18 inches from the ground

43
Q
  1. Estimate floor sheathing formula
A

(( L x W) / 32 round up) X 2 = amount of sheets
(Add an extra inch, 0.08 ft to one dimension to get extra sheet. This is why you don’t need a waste factor)
(treated and untreated)

44
Q
  1. What are the two types of stairs?
A

Stringer and Box frame

45
Q
  1. What is the range of stair Risers?
A

7 to 9” high

46
Q
  1. What is range of stair tread?
A

8 to 11” deep

47
Q
  1. Describe the stairs formulas for stringers
A

Ground level to floor / 7.5 rounded to nearest whole number = # of treads
(only time you actually round in SOC)

Ground level to floor / # of treads = actual riser height

Stringer Length = Square Root(Rise^2 + Run ^2)
Run = # of treads x 11

If stair width is less than 3’ you only need 2 stringers

48
Q
  1. What are the special instruction for Stairs?
A

Maintain a minimum distance of 3 1/2” on the back of the stringers before the cut for the ledger, install tread boards cups down (two 2x6’s)

49
Q
  1. What are the dimension of the mud sill and ledger?
A

Mud sill = 2 by 4”

Ledger = 2 x 6”

50
Q
  1. Superstructure consist of what?
A

Wall panels and roof

51
Q
  1. What are the component of Wall panel?
A 
Sole plate
Jack/king studs
Top plate (Doubled)
Fire block (Girt)
Splices
Door and windows (headers, cripples and sill)
Sheathing
Truss or Rafter
52
Q
  1. What is spacing of wall studs?
A

Either 16” O.C or 24” O.C

53
Q
  1. Describe wall panel layout
A

All panels are 8’ by 8’ for movement
Stud are placed 16” O.C
Top plate is doubled at construction site

54
Q
  1. What are the roof styles?
A

Gable (most common)
Lean to
Hip
Gable and Valley

55
Q
  1. What is pitch?
A

Angle of the rafter: A 5-12 pitch means for every 12 inches horizontal distance there is a 5 inch vertical rise

56
Q
  1. Describe Rafter Formula
A

Run = width /2
Rise = pitch x Run
TRL=sqrt(run^2+rise^2)

TRL with Overhang
Find out RL and add OH

TRL with Projection
Add projection (ft) to run
57
Q

Calculate number of trusses/rafters

Truss and Rafter spacing rule of thumb

A

of roof members = (Building length / O.C spacing Round up) +1

Rafter spacing 16” (1.33) OC
Truss spacing 24” (2’) OC

58
Q
  1. Center vertical webbing of truss called what?
A

Hanger

59
Q
  1. What are purloins?
A

The first layer of roofing. 2 x 4 material, spaced 24” O.C from outer edge of the overhang to the peak. First and last row are doubled 2x4 or 2x6 to allow for layering of roof material.

Used to square roof

60
Q
  1. What is spacing of trusses?
A

24” O.C

61
Q
  1. What are the roofing materials?
A

Metal
Tile
Shingle (Wood and Asphalt)

62
Q
  1. Formula to estimate roof sheathing
A

(Total rafter length X total building length / 32) x 2 Round up = sheets

Total building length = length + 2(projection)

63
Q
  1. What is fascia board?
A

Fascia boards are the outer most part of the BLDG placed before all permanent purloins

64
Q

Dimensions of common framing lumber

A

Referred to by nominal thickness (2 by X)
Comes 8 to 20 ft long (inc. of 2 ft)
Comes 2 to 12 inches wide (inc. of 2 inches)

65
Q

Dimensions of trim lumber

A

Referred to by nominal thickness (1 by X)
Comes 8 to 20 ft long (inc. of 2 ft)
Comes 2 to 12 inches wide (inc. of 2 inches)

66
Q

Where can you find the quantity of lumber for a specific project?

A

BOM

67
Q

What nails are used for gussets in SOC?

A

6d

68
Q

What are the types of splices?

A 
Butt
Halved
Square
Plain
Complimentary
69
Q

Characteristics of Temporary Buildings

A 
Design life of less than 5 years
Normally built in TO during conflict
Used as temporary housing of facilities
Minimum safety standards
Bare essentials (walls, floor, roof)
Simple, durable, use local materials, unskilled labor, withstand weather, lower safety factors are allowed
70
Q

Types of Girders

A 
Solid
Built up (3 laminated 2x6s)
71
Q

Characteristics of finished floor

A

Offset from sub floor
Perpendicular to sub floor
Seams do not coincide
3/4” untreated plywood

72
Q

How much bearing space do you need for a supported member?

A

At least 1.5” on both sides

73
Q

Types of wall panels

A

Long
Short
Partition

74
Q

Types of headers

A

Solid
Built-up
Flat 2x4
Insulated

75
Q

Types of Corners/wall ties

A

Three stud corner
Two stud corner
Three stud channel
Blocked up corner

76
Q

Formula for exterior sheathing

A

(Linear feet x Height / 32) Round up = Sheets

Add an extra inch 0.08 to one dimension to get extra sheet

77
Q

How far do rafters span?

A

1/2 length of the building

78
Q

Steps of rafter construction

A 
Ridge cut
Seat cut
Plum cuts (Birds mouth/tail)
Ridge beam
Collar tie/Ceiling joist
79
Q

Components of Truss

A

Chord (top, bottom)
Gusset (heel pt, peak pt, quarter pt, third pt)
Web (short, long, hanger)

80
Q

What are gussets made from?

A

1/2” plywood

81
Q

What is used for roof sheathing?

A

1/2 or 3/4 inch plywood

82
Q

Guidelines for felt paper when roofing

A

Moisture barrier
Overlap horizontal joints 2”
Overlap vertical joints 4”
Offset vertical laps 6”

83
Q

Spacing for studs

A

16 or 24 inches on center

84
Q

Rafter spacing

A

16 inches on center

85
Q

Truss spacing

A

24 inches on center

86
Q

Purloin spacing

A

24 inches on center

SOC (13 decks)

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