SOC construction (T/O) Flashcards
- What are the categories of lumber?
Hardwood
Softwood
Bamboo
Palm
- What are the three main classes of lumber?
Yard lumber (finished, common boards, common dimension) Structural lumber (Density, Strength, Thickness) Factory/ Shop grad
- What is the two classifications of lumber?
1) Select lumber
Good appearance and finishing, it is identified by Grade A thru D
2) Common Lumber
It is suitable for general construction and utility purpose it is identified by Grades No.1 Common thru 5 Common.
- Describe Select lumber grades
1) Grade A:
Suitable for natural finishes and practically clear
2) Grade B:
Suitable for natural finishes, and generally clear
3) Grade C:
Suitable for high quality paints and finishes
4) Grade D:
Suitable for high finishing
- Describe Select Common Lumber
1) No.1:
Suitable for use without waste, it is sound and tight knotted.
2) No.2:
Used for framing, sheathing and other structural forms
3) No.3:
Used for footings, guardrails, and rough flooring
4) No.4:
Used for sheathing, subfloors, and roof boards
5) No.5:
Used for boxes, crates, and dunnage where quality requirements are low
- What is nominal and actual measurement of 2 by 4?
Nominal 2” by 4”
Actual 1-1/2” and 3-1/2”
- Describe plywood
Fabricated from layers of ply’s of wood bonded together, it comes in various thickness up to 1”
Comes in odd number of plys. Both face grains run in the same direction
- Describe BF (Board feet of lumber) formula
BF = T x W x L x Number of pieces / 12 or 144
T = thickness of the board
W= width of the board
L = length of the board
• If L is in feet use 12, if L is in inches use 144
- Describe Board Measure (BM)
Used to estimate the building materials for project by adding the waste factor
- What are the waste factor?
1” or smaller, add 20% (1.2) sheathing or plywood
2” or larger, add 10% (1.1) stud or framing
- Describe BM formula
BF X 1.2 OR 1.1 = BM (Round up to whole number)
- Describe formula plywood?
2(L + W) x H divide by 32 = amount of plywood (Round up to whole number)
- What is sheathing used for?
Floor, Wall, and Roof
- Why strong joint is important?
A structure is only as strong as its weakest joint
- What are the two types of strong connection?
Joints and Splices
- What is a joint?
A connection of two or more pieces that meet at an angle
- What is a splice?
A connection of two or more members that continue in a straight line
- What are the two types of joint?
Butt and Lap
- What are the three types of But Joints?
Straight Butt joint
Oblique Butt joint
Miter Butt joint
- What are the types of Lap joints?
Crosslap joint
Middlelap joint
plan lap joint
half-lap joint
What is a splice designed to resist stresses of?
Tension, Compression, and Bending
- What are the four primary types of nails?
Common wire, Finishing, Scaffolding, and Roofing
What is the range of nails size?
2d to 60d
- What size of nails to you use for sheathing?
8d
What size of nails to you use for framing?
16d
- What are the three rules of nailing?
1) Use proper nail size it must penetrate at least 2/3 into second board
2) Drive nails at a slight angle toward each other (x)
3) Use a good nailing pattern
- Describe Nail Formula
It is used to determine the amount of nails needed in pounds
1) Framing use 10d to 60d
Pound (p) = (d/6) x (BM/100)
2) Sheathing use 2d to 8d (or material up to 1”)
Pound (p) = (d/4) x (BM/100)
• Round up to whole number
- What are the other Fasteners?
Spikes & Drift Pins
Screws
Bolts
Timber Connectors
- What is the design life?
How long can the building stay with no repairs
- What are the three categories of design life?
Permanent 25 and more
Semi-permanent 5 to 25
Temporary less than 5
- What are the three types of framing?
Platform (used extensively in military construction), Balloon, and Braced
- What is substructure?
Anything above foundation lines, it consider as sub structure
- What are the four components of the substructure?
Footer, Girder, Joist, and Subfloor
- What is spacing of Footer?
Footer should never be placed more than 10 feet apart.
- What are the components of of footer?
Footing, Spreader, Scab, and Post
- What are the footer made of?
Pressure treated lumber
- What is the spacing on center between joist?
16 inches
- What is placement of Joist?
Run perpendicular to load bearing walls and girders
- where bridging should be constructed?
For every 8’ of span one line of bridging should be constructed
- What is splice plates?
It covers joint, constructed of the same lumber used in the joists. 24” in length and cover both sides of the joint.
- What is the special instruction of laying sub floor?
Off-set joints of the plywood by starting with a half sheet, the first course of plywood runs perpendicular to the joist
- What is the special instruction on wood materials?
All wooden material should be treated if less than 18 inches from the ground
- Describe Estimate floor sheathing
( L x W) / 32 round up X2 = TOTAL amount of sheets (treated & untreated)
- What are the two types of stairs?
Stringer and Box frame
- What is range of Riser?
7 to 9” high
- What is range of tread?
8 to 11” deep
- Describe Stairs formula
Ground level to floor / 7.5 (optimal riser) then round up number = tread
Ground level to floor / tread = actual riser length
- What is special instruction of Stairs?
Maintain distance minimum 3 1/2” back of the stars to rise, boards cups down
- What are the dimension of the mud sill?
2 by 4
- Superstructure consist of what?
Wall panels and roof
- What are the component of Wall panel?
Sole plate Jack/king studs Top plate (DBL) Girt (fire block) Splices Door and windows (headers, cripples and sil) Sheathing Truss or Rafter
- What is spacing of wall studs?
Either 16” O.C or 24” O.C
- Describe wall panel layout
All panels are 8’ by 8’ for movement
Stud are paled 16” O.C
Top plate is DBL at construction site
- What are the roof styles?
Gable (most common)
Lean to
Hip
Gable and Valley
- What is pitch?
A 5-12 pitch means for every 12 inches horizontal distance there is a 5 inch vertical rise
- Describe Rafter Formula
1) RL HS2 X R2 = C2 Run = width /2 = HS Rise = pitch x Run = R • Convert rise in. to ft by dividing 12 2) TRL with Overhang Find out RL and add OH
3) TRL with Projection HS = Pr+(width/2) = HS Rise= HS x Pitch and divied by 12 =R Solve problem by using HS^ + R^ = C^ • Hundredth decimal point .00
- Describe Truss&Rafter estimate
of roof members = Building length / O.C spacing Round up +1
- Rafter spacing 16” (1.33) OC
- Truss spacing 24” (2’) OC
- Center vertical webbing of truss called what?
Hanger
- What is purloins?
The first layer of roofing. 2 x 4 material, spaced 24” O.C from outer edge of the overhang to the peak
- What is spacing of trusses?
24” O.C
- What are the roofing materials?
Metal
Tile
Shingle (Wood and Asphalt)
- Estimate roof sheathing?
TRL X TBL ( Length + 2(projection)
Then, divide by 32 and multiply by 2
- What is fascia board?
Fascia boards are the outer most part of the BLDG placed before all permanent purloins
