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SOC Study Guide > SOC Concrete > Flashcards

SOC Concrete Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What are the raw materials in Portland cement?
A 
Limestone
Cement rock
Oyster shells
Marl (lime rich mud-lake sediment)
Clay
Silica Sand
Iron Ore
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2
Q
  1. What is the “clinkers”?
A

The raw material finely ground and carefully proportioned before heated to temperatures from 2000 to 3000 degrees (F) to form hard pellets called “Clinkers”

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3
Q
  1. What is air entrainment?
A

The international creation of tiny air bubbles in concrete

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4
Q
  1. What is the composition of concrete?
A

Mix of aggregates and entrained air held together by hardened paste made of cement and water

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5
Q
  1. What is the most commonly used cement by the military?
A

Portland cement

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6
Q
  1. What is hydration?
A

Hydration is the chemical reaction. It occurs when Portland cement is mixed with water.

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7
Q
  1. What causes concrete to harden and what is the desired temperature?
A

Hydration and 73 degrees

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8
Q
  1. What are the three major components?
A

Water
Aggregates
Portland Cement

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9
Q
  1. What are two types of aggregate
A

1) Coarse aggregate (Rock)

2) Fine aggregate (sand)

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10
Q
  1. What is aggregate?
A

It used as an inner filling material, made of sand and gravel. 60 to 80 percent of total concrete volume.

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11
Q
  1. What is primary purpose of aggregates?
A

To gain economy

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12
Q
  1. What are the most common contaminating materials of aggregate?
A

Dirt, clay and salt

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13
Q
  1. What are the five types of Portland cement?
A 
Type I (Normal Portland)
Type ll (Modified)
Type III (High early)
Type IV (Low heat)
Type V (Sulfate Resistant)
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14
Q
  1. What is the normal cure time and some uses of type 1 portland cement?
A

28 days

It used for Pavement, Sidewalks, Bridges, Reservoirs, Building and etc

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15
Q
  1. What is the normal cure time and some uses of type 2 portland cement?
A

45 days

Large super structures, large piers, heavy retaining walls

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16
Q
  1. What is the normal cure time and some uses of type 3 portland cement?
A

High early -7 days

Used in cold weather and high heat

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17
Q
  1. What is the normal cure time and some uses of type 4 portland cement?
A

Low heat -90 days

Large massive structures

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18
Q
  1. What is the normal cure time and some uses of type 5 portland cement?
A

Sulfate Resistant – 60 days

Used where the soil, or water, in contact with the concrete has a high sulfate content

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19
Q
  1. What types of Portland cement are air entrained?
A

Types1, 2 and 3

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20
Q
  1. What does calcium chloride do to Portland cement?
A

It accelerates both hardening and strength gain by 2% the weight of cement
• 2 hours vs 6 hours

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21
Q
  1. How does Portland cement ship?
A

Bags
94lb, contain one cu ft of loose measurement

Barrels
376lb = 4 bags

Rail cars

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22
Q
  1. What is warehouse pack?
A

Sacked cement in storage packed too tightly

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23
Q
  1. What are the types of concrete?
A

Reinforced
Prestressed
Precast
Lightweight

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24
Q
  1. What is reinforced concrete?
A

Steel rods imbedded into the concrete is defined as reinforced concrete (strong in compression, but weak in tensile strength)

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25
Q
  1. What is prestressed concrete?
A

Reinforced steel or welded wire mesh that is stretched out with tension before the concrete is poured.

26
Q
  1. What is precast concrete?
A

Concrete cast into something other than its final position

27
Q
  1. What is benefits of lightweight concrete?
A

a) In dead-loads making savings in foundations and reinforcement
b) Improved thermal properties
c) Improved fire resistance

28
Q
  1. What is benefits of plastic state?
A

a) Readily moldable
b) Changes shape slowly if forms are removed
c) Uniform
d) Workable nonsegregated
• It can be cast or molded into nearly any size or shape

29
Q
  1. What are some advantage of concrete?
A

a) High compressive strength
b) Can be cast, molded or shaped
c) Little maintenance and economical
d) Durable
e) Strength can be pre-determined

30
Q
  1. What are some disadvantage of concrete?
A

a) Low tensile strength
b) Expands and contracts
c) Shrinks when dry
d) Heavy

31
Q
  1. What is expands and contracts?
A

it is chemical reaction that occurs by moisture and temperature changes

32
Q
  1. What is width of expansion joint should never be?
A

Expansion joints should never be less than ¼ inch wide.

33
Q
  1. What is the difference between construction joints and expansion joints?
A

Construction joints are not intended to allow for movement of concrete. Expansion joints and contraction joints could be move around.

34
Q
  1. When can you place concrete underwater?
A

Placed underwater only when unavoidable.

35
Q
  1. If concrete must be placed underwater, what should the max velocity of the current be?
A

10 ft per min

36
Q
  1. When hand mixing cement, how much cement can be mixed by one man
A

One man can mix 1 cu yd per hour

37
Q
  1. When hand mixing concrete the sand, gravel and cement should be dry mixed how many times before adding water?
A

Three times

38
Q
  1. What is the formula for project volume (PV)?
A

PV = Length x Width x depth x number of structures.

• Make sure keep in feet

39
Q
  1. What is the formula for Loss Factor (LF)?
A

• for cu ft
LF = PV x LF(<5400 cu ft =1.1 or > 5400 cu ft = 1.05)
• for cu yrds
LF = PV x LF(< 200 cu yds =1.1 or > 200 cu yds = 1.05)

40
Q
  1. What is the formula for loose volume (LV)?
A

LV = LF X 1.5

41
Q
  1. What rule do you use when calculating for materials when laying concrete?
A

1-2-3 rule

1/6 cement, 2/6 sand, and 3/6 gravel

42
Q
  1. What is the formula for convert cu ft to cu yrds?
A

Cu ft / 27 = cu yrds

43
Q
  1. When estimating for concrete work what is the rule called?
A

3/2 rule

44
Q
  1. What is forms?
A

it hold concrete until sets, produces the desired shapes and sometimes surface finishes. Can represent up to 1/3 of concrete structure’s total cost.

45
Q
  1. What is essential when set up forms?
A

Must be tight, rigid, and strong

46
Q
  1. What materials can be used make forms?
A

Wood (most common and economical)
Metal
Earth
Fiber

47
Q
  1. What are the elements of wooden forms (Concrete wall)?
A 
Sheathing
Stud
Wales
Strong backs
Braces
Shoe plates
Spreaders
Tie wires
48
Q
  1. What are the elements of wooden forms (Concrete column)?
A

Sheathing
Batten
Yokes
Bracing

49
Q
  1. The rate of filling should not be exceed?
A

4 feet per hour vertically, to avoid excessive pressure on the forms

50
Q
  1. What is screeding?
A

Process of stiking off the excess concrete in order to bring the surface to the right elevation

51
Q
  1. What are techniques of finishing operation?
A 
a)	Floating
If smooth surface is required
b)	Troweling
If smoother surface is required
c)	Brooming 
d)	If non-skid surface is required
52
Q
  1. What determines the strength of concrete?
A

Ratio of cement to water

53
Q
  1. What are the rules of thumb for the maximum size aggregates should be in concrete?
A

The maximum size should not exceed 1/5 the minimum diameter of a wall or similar structure Not to exceed 1/3 the slab thickness Not to exceed 3⁄4 of the clear space between reinforcing bars

54
Q
  1. Where are isolation joints used?
A

where a pavement joins sidewalks and building, and intersects other pavements or bridge.

55
Q
  1. What do expansion joints do?
A

Permit volume change movement of a concrete structure or member.

56
Q
  1. How much concrete can one person mix per hour?
A

1 cubic yard

57
Q
  1. how deep does the land under a slab need to be moistened?
A

6 inches

58
Q
  1. Slabs which will support load bearing walls must be what?
A

Reinforced with rebar

59
Q
  1. What is different between construction joint and Control joint?
A

1) Construction joints y allows builder to continue construction process.
2) Control joint is used at finishing state of construction.

60
Q
  1. What is sequence of concrete hand mixing?
A

a) Mix dry materials three times (sand, cement, and grave)

b) Add water to achieve desire concrete strength

61
Q
  1. Ingredient Equation
A 
PV = L x W x H x ( number of structure)
•	Keep measurement in feet 
Loss factor
LF= PV ( <5400 cu ft, add 10% (1.1)
LF= PV ( >5400 cu ft, add 5% (1.05)
Loose Volume 
LV= LF X 1.5  
•	LV round up to whole number
CEMENT 1/6 X LV = bag of cement
SAND 2/6 X LV = CU ft
Gravel 3/6 x LV = CUft
Water  8 gal per bag of cement 8 x # of bag cement

If you ordering from truck,
LF = PV x (loss factor)(1.05)
Always going to be CU yard

62
Q
  1. Special curing techniques
A 
1)	Hot weather
keep temperature below 90 F degree
Loosen forms ASAP
Add accelerators
Remove forms (7 days)

2) Cold weather
40 degrees F or lower
Keep concrete above 70 degrees F
Add accelerators

SOC Study Guide (13 decks)

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