SOC Chapter 4 Flashcards
Socialization
The lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture
Functions of socialization
Establishes our social identity.
Teaches us role taking.
Controls our behavior.
Transmits culture to the next generation
Social interaction
rules that enable people to live, work, and socialize together
Dramaturgical approach
study of social interaction as a theatrical performance
Presentation of self
: creation of impressions in the minds of others to define and control a social situation
Symbolic interactionism
Views the self and society as resulting from social interaction based on language and other symbols
Cooley’s looking-glass self
the self-image that results from our interpretation of other people’s views of us
Primary groups—family, friends
Secondary groups—school, workplace
Reference groups—standards for behavior
George Herbert Mead social self
The self is part of an individual’s personality composed of self awareness and self image -
Self is not there at birth
Self develops with social experiences
Meads 1st stage -
Preparatory stage: self-centered, limited response
Meads 2nd stage
Play stage: take on attitudes and roles of significant others (parents, siblings); allows them to see themselves through the eyes of others
Meads 3rd stage
Game stage: take on roles of multiple others, aware of societal positions and perspectives
Meads 4th stage
Adult stage: take on generalized other, sense of society’s norms and values; requires an understanding of more abstract symbols like love and hate, success and failure, friendship, morality.
Jean piaget on cognitive development
humans are socialized in stages
4 Jean Piaget Stages
Sensorimotor stage is the level of human development at which individuals experience the world only through their senses
Preoperational is the level of human development at which individuals first use language and other symbols
Concrete Operational is the level of human development at which individuals first see causal connection in their surroundings
Formal Operational is the level of human development at which individuals think abstractly and critically
Kohlberg Moral development
- Preconventional stage: seek either personal gain or to avoid punishment
- Conventional stage: feel shame or guilt about violating societal norms and values
- Post conventional stage: higher set of abstract notions of right and wrong
Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalysis: psychological perspective that focuses on complex reasoning processes of conscious and unconscious mind
ID
basic biological drives and needs, sexual energy
Ego
the “self,” core of a person’s personality
Superego
internalized values and norms of society, conscience
What stage controls socialization?
ego controlas ID for superego
Resocialization
process of altering an individual’s behavior through total control of environment
Total institutions
Institutions that isolate people from the rest of society to achieve administrative control over most aspects of their lives
Ethnomethodology
study of commonsense knowledge and procedures by which ordinary people make sense of social circumstances and interactions
Some agents of Socialization
family, education, peers, and media
