SOC Chapter 3

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

Culture is composed of the beliefs, norms, behaviors, and products common to the members of a particular group

Question 2

Symbols

Answer 2

Anything that stands for something else and has a particular meaning for people who share a culture =
could be words, gestures, and objects

Question 3

Characteristics of culture

Answer 3

culture is shared, learned, taken for granted, symbolic , and varies across time and place

Question 4

Material Culture

Answer 4

culture consists of the tangible objects that members of a society make, use, and share. physical objects created and embraced by society

Question 5

Material culture examples

Answer 5

tv shows, twitter, famous people

Question 6

Nonmaterial Culture

Answer 6

The ideas of a culture, including values and beliefs, accumulated knowledge about how to understand and navigate the world, and standards or “norms” about appropriate behavior. Political opinions, religious beliefs, and marriage patterns.

Question 7

Norms

Answer 7

: common rules of a culture that govern the behavior of people belonging to it. The “oughts” and “ought nots” that guide behavioral choices

Question 8

Folkways

Answer 8

: fairly weak norms that are passed down from the past; violation is not considered serious (wedding ceremony)

Question 9

Mores

Answer 9

strongly held norms; violation seriously offends standards of acceptable conduct ( cussing or PDA)

Question 10

Taboos

Answer 10

: powerful mores; violation is considered serious and even unthinkable
(Incest or Cannibalism)

Question 11

Laws

Answer 11

codified norms or rules of behavior that formalize and institutionalize society’s norms

Question 12

The norms in our culture are?

Answer 12

mostly unwritten, instrumental, explicit and implicit, change over time

Question 13

Language

Answer 13

: a particular kind of symbolic system, composed of verbal, nonverbal, and sometimes written representations that are vehicles for conveying meaning

Question 14

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Answer 14

our understandings and actions emerge from language. The words and concepts we learn and use structure our perceptions of the social world.

Question 15

Thomas Theorem on beliefs-

Answer 15

Beliefs may be understood as real when they are real in their consequences

Question 16

Values

Answer 16

the standards by which members of a particular culture define what is good or bad, moral or immoral, proper or improper, desirable or undesirable, beautiful or ugly.

Question 17

Ideal culture

Answer 17

values, norms, and behaviors that people in a given society profess to embrace

Question 18

Real culture

Answer 18

: values, norms, and behaviors that people in a given society actually embrace and exhibit

Question 19

Ethnocentrism

Answer 19

: worldview whereby we judge other cultures by the standards of our own

Question 20

Cultural relativism

Answer 20

worldview whereby we understand the practices of another society sociologically, in terms of that society’s own norms and values and not our own

Question 21

Subculture

Answer 21

culture that exists within a dominant culture but differs from it in some way

Question 22

Conterculture

Answer 22

subcultural group whose norms, values, and practices deviate from those of the dominant culture

Question 23

High culture

Answer 23

music, theater, literature

Question 24

Popular culture

Answer 24

entertainment, culinary, athletic taste

Question 25

Culture Universals

Answer 25

customs and practices that are common to all societies

Question 26

Social class reproduction

Answer 26

the way class status is reproduced from generation to generation (Pierre Bourdieu)

Question 27

Cultural capital

Answer 27

wealth in the form of knowledge, ideas, verbal skills, and ways of thinking and behaving

Question 28

Global culture

Answer 28

culture spread across world in the form of popular films, food, and music

Question 29

Rape culture

Answer 29

A social culture that provides an environment conducive to rape