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special needs > SN midterm > Flashcards

SN midterm Flashcards

1
Q

effects of alcohol on pregnancy (4)

A

fetal alcohol syndrome
spontaneous abortion
low birth rate
mental retardation

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2
Q

the safest time to provide dental care to pregnant PT

A

second trimester

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3
Q

what trimester is the embryo highly susceptible to injuries and malformations

A

1st trimester

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4
Q

effect hormones have on the oral cavity of pregnant PT

A

gingival changes

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5
Q

how soon can gingival changes appear

A

2 months

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6
Q

can untreated condition continue to rise as hormone levels reach maximum levels by the 8th month?

A

yes

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7
Q

does poor conditions disappear after birth if not treated?

A

no, it continues following birth

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8
Q

what is the oral pyogenic granuloma called?

A

pregnancy tumor

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9
Q

is the pregnancy tumor cancerous?

A

no, its benign

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10
Q

description of pregnancy tumor; appearance

A

isolated

soft round enlargement in interdental area

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11
Q

the pregnancy tumor color is based on what?

A

vascularity

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12
Q

identify the dental procedures contraindicated during 1st trimester of pregnancy; what kind of procedures can not be performed on pregnancy PT until 2nd trimester

A

elective dental care

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13
Q

elective dental care EX

A

restorative

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14
Q

should pregnant PT get radiographs?

A

only if necessary

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15
Q

steps to take when taking Pregnant PT radiographs

A

proper placement
exposure time
processing to avoid retakes

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16
Q

essential vitamins needed for pregnancy

A 
herbal 
proteins 
minerals
iron
VIT D
folate 
VIT A
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17
Q

is herbal regulated by the FDA

A

no

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18
Q

minerals contain (2)

A

calcium

phosphorus

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19
Q

what does folate prevent

A

neural tube defects and low birth weight

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20
Q

what does VIT-A prevent

A

pre-term birth

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21
Q

how can TOO much of VIT-A cause

A

birth defects

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22
Q

what can echinacea cause during pregnancy

A

allergic reactions

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23
Q

should drugs be avoided during breastfeeding

A

yes

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24
Q

where does the drugs go through with lactating mothers

A

placenta

enter circulation of the fetus

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25
Q

what effects does tetracycline cause on babies

A

staining of permanent teeth

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26
Q

limit juice to how much

A

4-6 oz

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27
Q

should children avoid soda

A

yes

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28
Q

children should get food as a reward

A

no, avoid food as reward

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29
Q

should children eat large healthy meals?

A

no, SMALL healthy meals

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30
Q

should children be able to have as much sweets as they during meal time

A

no, limit sweets to mealtimes

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31
Q

children should avoid grazing on the sippy cup

A

yes

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32
Q

when should children have their first dental visit

A

6 months
after 1st tooth erupts
or by age 1

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33
Q

most common microorganism found in the saliva of children associated with early childhood caries

A

SM; mutans streptococci

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34
Q

progressive pattern baby bottle caries appears in the mouth; most common to least common

A

MX ANT
all molars
MN ANT

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35
Q

last primary tooth to erupt

A

canines

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36
Q

what is the ADA guideline for fluoride supplement for the baby receiving their total dietary intake through breast feeding

A

0.25 mg

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37
Q

describe bifid uvula

A

cleft in uvula examine for submucous palatal cleft

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38
Q

when does fluorosis occur in primary teeth

A

middle of the first year of life

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39
Q

fluorosis is the result of

A

excessive fluoride intake

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40
Q

what ages is PT most susceptible to fluorosis

A

1-3 years

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41
Q

fluoride varnish is best treat white spot lesions on primary teeth

A

yes

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42
Q

at what age should children completely stop thumb sucking

A

3 years

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43
Q

describe the oral manifestations of cleft palate

A

failure of normal fusion of embryonic processes during development of the first trimester

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44
Q

the oral manifestations of cleft palate; includes

A

globular process and the MX process

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45
Q

describe cleft stage; 1

A

cleft on the tip of uvula

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46
Q

describe cleft stage; 2

A

cleft on the uvula (bifid)

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47
Q

describe cleft stage; 3

A

cleft on the soft palate

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48
Q

describe cleft stage; 4

A

cleft on the soft and hard palates

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49
Q

describe cleft stage; 5

A

cleft on the soft and hard palates continue through the alveolar ridge on one side of pre maxilla

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50
Q

describe cleft stage; 6

A

cleft on the soft and hard palates continue through the alveolar ridge on both sides of pre maxilla

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51
Q

describe cleft stage; 7

A

cleft in muscle union of soft palate, closure to the oral pharynx is incompetent

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52
Q

types of appliances used for cleft

A

obturator

orthodontics

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53
Q

types of procedures used for cleft

A 
rhinoplasty
tonsillectomy 
adenoidectomy 
pharyngeal plasty 
bone grafting
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54
Q

DEF rhinoplasty

A

nasal septum correction

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55
Q

when does embryologic development of the upper lip occur?

A

lip- 4-7 weeks in utero

56
Q

when is cleft evident

A

second month in utero

57
Q

when does embryologic development of the palate occur?

A

8-12 weeks

58
Q

when is cleft evident

A

end of 3rd month

59
Q

most common problem associated with orofacial clefts in children

A 
malocclusion
speech
muscle coordination
hearing loss
facial deformaties 
airways and breathing
60
Q

which orofacial cleft is the most severe

A

6

61
Q

major hormones and their functions on the body

A 
pineal
hypothalamus 
pituitary 
follicle 
thyroid
parathyroid
thymus 
adrenals
62
Q

pineal function

A

sleep

63
Q

hypothalamus function

A

communicates with the pituitary gland

64
Q

pituitary function

A

prolactin
growth hormone
thyroid stimiliating hormone

65
Q

follicle function

A

stimulates hormone

66
Q

thyroid function

A

regulates metabolism

67
Q

stages of adolescence changes in the body and psychosocial

A

10-21

68
Q

early ages

A

10-13 years

69
Q

middle ages

A

14-17 years

70
Q

late ages

A

18-21 years

71
Q

psychological; early

A

want dependence

72
Q

psychological; middle

A

importance of body image

73
Q

psychological; late

A

peer pressure and lifestyle

74
Q

psychological; 10-21

A

establishment of sexual, ego, vocational, and moral identities

75
Q

oral conditions associated with hormonal changes

A

dental caries
gingivitis
periodontal disease LAP

76
Q

menstruation; PMS/ PID

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

77
Q

Amenorhhea DEF

A

absence of menstrual periods

78
Q

contraceptives

A

estrogen and progesterone
single pill
injectable depo
subdermal implant

79
Q

intake; estrogen and progesterone

A

1 pill each 21 days

80
Q

intake; single pill

A

1 pill a day

81
Q

intake; depo

A

1 every 12 weeks

82
Q

intake; subdermal

A

slow release for 5 years

83
Q

menopause and its effects on a woman

A 
hot flashes 
headaches
night sweats 
sleeping problems
decreased libido 
weight gain
84
Q

host response to bacterial challenges

A

?

85
Q

host response to bacterial challenges, with presence of hormones

A

?

86
Q

dental hygiene interventions that prevent inflammatory disease during puberty and menses

A

?

87
Q

describe relation of bisphophonates to osteoporosis

A

inhibits bone resorption

88
Q

biologic age is synonymous with chronologic age?

A

no

89
Q

does signs of aging appear differently in different people?

A

yes

90
Q

biological age DEF

A

insides look age

91
Q

chronological age DEF

A

actual age

92
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

decrease bone volume

diminished muscular strength

93
Q

physiologic changes observed (8)

A 
curvature of cervical vertebrae 
skin
cardiovascular system
respiratory system
gastro intestinal system
peripheral nervous system
senses endocrine system
immune system
94
Q

know factors that influence pathology (4)

A

biologic
environmental
psychosocial
lifestyle all influence longevity

95
Q

common disease the elderly may exhibit and the cause/ treatment

A 
arthritis 
hypertension
visual hearing 
cardiovascular 
diabetes
96
Q

oral findings might be observed int eh older adult including soft tissue and teeth

A 
recession
yellowing 
thin tissues
attrition 
worn restorations 
xerostomia 
oral candidiasis
root caries
sublingual varicosities 
attrition
97
Q

perceived barriers the elderly have to seeking dental hygiene care

A

lack of perceived need
economic barriers
physical barriers

98
Q

identify and define key terms and concepts related to oral and MX surgery

A

alveolar process

le fort

99
Q

identify causes, classification, and treatment options for facial fractures; causes

A

trauma
predisposing pathologic conditions
tumors
emergency care

100
Q

identify causes, classification, and treatment options for facial fractures; types

A

simple
compound- communited
simple commented compound shattered
incomplete

101
Q

compound- communited

A

open to outside

102
Q

imcomplete AKA

A

green stick

103
Q

identify causes, classification, and treatment options for facial fractures; treatment

A

reduction
fixation
immobolization

104
Q

Le Fort classifications; ID (3) levels of MX fractures; 1

A

above roots of teeth
above palate
across the MX sinus
below zygomatic process

105
Q

Le Fort classifications; ID (3) levels of MX fractures;2

A

extends over the middle of the nose

106
Q

Le Fort classifications; ID (3) levels of MX fractures;3

A

over the bridge of nose and include the orbits of the eye

107
Q

discuss dental hygiene interventions for PT before and after general surgery; prior

A 
reduce biofilm 
calculus 
give OHI
instruct diet 
explain the surgery 
give post OP instructions 
need transportation 
no alcohol or smoking 
what to bring and what not to bring
108
Q

discuss dental hygiene interventions for PT before and after general surgery; essential for healing is

A

protein
VIT-A and VIT-C
calcium
phosphorus

109
Q

discuss dental hygiene interventions for PT before and after general surgery; after

A 
control bleeding 
no rinsing 
rest
diet 
ice pack 
cold wet tea bag
pain control 
instructions if complications
110
Q

plan and document dental hygiene care, oral health education, and dietary recommendations for PTs before and after oral and MX surgery

A

yes

111
Q

cancer DEF

A

transformation of normal cells into malignant

112
Q

how are cancers classified and described

A

carcinomas
sarcomas
blood and lymphatic

113
Q

what are the risk factors for developing cancer

A 
tobacco
alcohol 
sunlight
environment 
viruses
114
Q

why is it important to plan comprehensive and coordinate dental hygiene care for your PT before, during and after treatment for cancer

A 
PT in optimal oral health 
eliminates sources 
provide written instruction
provide post reinforcement 
OHI
115
Q

identify the dental hygiene interventions you will most likely provide for your patient before the medical treatment for cancer begins

A

OHI (kiss rule)

provide written instructions

116
Q

radiation therapy for cancer is most likely to have oral effects if the field of radiations concentrated in your patient’s head and neck area.

A

mucositis
xerostomia
increase radiation caries
trismus

117
Q

ID the long-term complications of radiation treatment on oral tissues

A

mucositis/ stomatitis
xerostomia
infections
bleeding

118
Q

ID signs and symptoms of radiation and chemotherapy- induced stomatitis

A

?

119
Q

list recommendations you can make to help your patient reduce sensitivity and increase ability to maintain daily oral hygiene measures when mucositis is a problem during cancer treatment

A

?

120
Q

radiation to salivary glands can cause a serious reduction in secretion of saliva. chemotherapy treatments can also induce a transient xerostomia. ID the ways that xerostomia can effect oral cavity

A

radiation caries
2
3

121
Q

what suggestions can you make to help your PT manage xerostomia during and after cancer treatments

A

?

122
Q

ID measures that can prevent radiation caries

A

?

123
Q

what are the systemic side effects of chemotherapy cancer treatments

A 
alopecia 
anemia 
immunosuppressed 
poor appetite 
xerostomia
124
Q

list types of oral infections that are common during and after radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy treatment for cancer

A

?

125
Q

describe osteonecrosis

A

increased risk with combination therapy and increase dosage. also decreased risk with floor of the mouth lesions and smokers

126
Q

what oral changes can influence/ restrict nutritional intake and further compromise the health status of a patient who is undergoing cancer therapy

A

?

127
Q

carcinomas describe

A

epithelial tissue; most common

128
Q

sarcomas describe

A

connective tissue- adults and children

129
Q

blood and lymphatic

A

leukemia

130
Q

tobacco can effect where with cancer

A

head
neck
lung
bladder

131
Q

alcohol can effect where with cancer

A

head
neck
bladder
liver

132
Q

sunlight can effect where with cancer

A

skin

133
Q

environmental can effect where with cancer

A

lung

134
Q

alopecia DEF

A

loss of hair

135
Q

anemia EF

A

bone marrow

special needs (6 decks)

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