SMU - Nucleic acids - types of RNA Flashcards
RNA is a very dynamic molecule with multiple varied function
Messenger RNA
template for proteins synthesis.
- the intermediate between the protein coing gene and the final protein.
- product of transcription, as RNA moleulce too long to leave nucleus and take part in translation.
- after proteins synthesis, its degraded in the cytoplasm
Ribosomal RNA
the component of ribosomes that allows codons on mRNA to bind to the anticodons on tRNA = translation
Ribozymes
types of rRNA - they are enxymes and catalyse the formation of peptide bonds between adjacent a.a on the other end of tRNA molecules.
Transfer RNA
carries amino acids on one end and an anticodon, that is complementary to the codons on mRNA. the anticodons and codons are both single stranded RNA
which Regulatory RNA takes part in translation level control
Micro RNA (MiRNA) and small interfering RNA (SiRNA)
they are non-coding RNA and are very small - about 22 nucleotides.
function - they bind to specific inhibitory molecules on mRNA moleucles - this reduces their stability. - delaying translation
- they aslo degrade the mRNA.
both functions controlling the amount of protein produced.
which Regulatory RNA takes part in post-transcriptional level control
Small Nuclear RNA (snRNA) - they are involved in the processing of pre-mRNA - the precursor product of transcription - during splicing.
SnRNA are part of the complex splicosome - which is responsible for removing introns and joining up the exons - splicing - in eukaryotes.
Long Non-Coding RNA (LncRNA)
takes part in many processes -
- chromatin remodelling (euchromatin <-> hetrochromatin)
- transcriptional and post-translational level control.
- some even control gene expression and cellular pathways
Small Nucleolar RNA (SNoRNA)
involved in the modification and processing of rRNA in the nucleolus. they guide enzymes that chemically modify specfiifc nucleotides in rRNA
Telomerase RNA
they are the template for the synthesis of telomeres - the protectice caps on either end of linear chromosomes, that help maintain stability and integrity of chromosomes during cell division.
