SMU - Nucleic acids - types of RNA

Question 1

Messenger RNA

Answer 1

template for proteins synthesis.
- the intermediate between the protein coing gene and the final protein.
- product of transcription, as RNA moleulce too long to leave nucleus and take part in translation.
- after proteins synthesis, its degraded in the cytoplasm

Question 2

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 2

the component of ribosomes that allows codons on mRNA to bind to the anticodons on tRNA = translation

Question 3

Ribozymes

Answer 3

types of rRNA - they are enxymes and catalyse the formation of peptide bonds between adjacent a.a on the other end of tRNA molecules.

Question 4

Transfer RNA

Answer 4

carries amino acids on one end and an anticodon, that is complementary to the codons on mRNA. the anticodons and codons are both single stranded RNA

Question 5

which Regulatory RNA takes part in translation level control

Answer 5

Micro RNA (MiRNA) and small interfering RNA (SiRNA)
they are non-coding RNA and are very small - about 22 nucleotides.
function - they bind to specific inhibitory molecules on mRNA moleucles - this reduces their stability. - delaying translation
- they aslo degrade the mRNA.
both functions controlling the amount of protein produced.

Question 6

which Regulatory RNA takes part in post-transcriptional level control

Answer 6

Small Nuclear RNA (snRNA) - they are involved in the processing of pre-mRNA - the precursor product of transcription - during splicing.
SnRNA are part of the complex splicosome - which is responsible for removing introns and joining up the exons - splicing - in eukaryotes.

Question 7

Long Non-Coding RNA (LncRNA)

Answer 7

takes part in many processes -
- chromatin remodelling (euchromatin <-> hetrochromatin)
- transcriptional and post-translational level control.
- some even control gene expression and cellular pathways

Question 8

Small Nucleolar RNA (SNoRNA)

Answer 8

involved in the modification and processing of rRNA in the nucleolus. they guide enzymes that chemically modify specfiifc nucleotides in rRNA

Question 9

Telomerase RNA

Answer 9

they are the template for the synthesis of telomeres - the protectice caps on either end of linear chromosomes, that help maintain stability and integrity of chromosomes during cell division.