Development & Death Flashcards
name the period postnatal 0-28 days
Neonatal
what is the average weight gain per week, when in the neonatal period
5-7 ounces
describe the motor skills, and visual development in the neonatal period.
motor - limited voluntary movments, reflexes dominating - sucking, grasping and rooting.
state the duration of the following periods-
infnacy -
early childhood -
middle childhood -
adolscence -
adulthood -
late adulthood -
infancy - 1 month - 2 years
early childhood - 2-6 years
middle - 6-12
adolscence - 12-18 years
adulthood - 18 years and beyond
late adulthood - 65 years and beyond.
describe the term postnatal development - and its significance.
a lifelong process, characterised by dynamic changes at each stage, from rapid growth during infancy to reflective years in late adulthood, people undergo physical, cognitive and emotional trasnformations.
- undertnas these stages is essential for providing appropriate care, support and fostering overall well-being across the lifespan.
what are key factors that influence postnatal development.
genetics (physical and mental characterisitcs), environment, healthcare, socioeconomic factors, cultural influences.
how does the environment influence postnatal development.
adequate nutrition is crucial for physical and cognitive development. and stimulating environments support cognitive growth.
Define death
the permanent ceassation of vital functions, including respiration, heartbeat and brain activity.
what are the 3 types of death. and descrbe them
Clinical - the absence of heartbeat and breathing
Biological death - the irreversible ceasation of all cellular and physiological activities.
Cellular death - the death of individual cells in an organsim.
what are the 2 types of ceullular death and define them.
Apoptosis - programmed cell death, controlled and organsised. crucial in development, tissue homeostasis, and elimination of damaged cells.
- involvs caspases - a mediator.
Necrosis - uncontrolled cell death - form injury infection or disease.
Senescence
biological aging of cells and organisms. associated with the decline in physiological function.
- not related to death directly, but can contribute to overall ageing process.
how can clinical, biological and breain death be determined in humans.
describe the criteria -
clinical - absence of heartbeat and repsiration
brain death - irreversible loss of all cerebral and brainstem activites.
bio death - ceassation of vital functions.
autolysis
self-digestion of cells after death.
what postmortem changes are observed under investigations.
rigor mortis - postmortem stiffening of muscles cos of the depletion of ATP.
and decomposition.
