smooth muscle lab Flashcards
what is an example of parasympathetic response for the heart
reduces the heasrt beat and relaxes muscles
what is an example of sympathetic nervous system
increases heart beat and tenses the muscle up
flight or fight
what drugs were used in the smooth muscle lab
ACH, Oxytocin and Epinephrine
what is hypoxia
when the air tube is removed
what is a major function of smooth muscles
exert certain pressure on the lumen alloing the movement through a given organ
Gi tract
what signals contraction for smooth muscle
Calcium influc through the extracellular fluid in sarcloemma and diffusion through sacroplasm
what is tonus
long term , moderate contraction
What is the effect of epinephrine on smooth
muscle?
increase the rate of contraction of smooth muscle
What is the effect of epinephrine on cardiac muscle
increases the rate and force of contraction,
What is the effect of epinephrine on skeletal muscle
increase the force of skeletal muscle contraction and the rate and force of contraction of the heart
What is the role of O2 in muscle physiology
the oxygen in your body is used to break down glucose, creating fuel for your muscles
Epinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors. What are the different sub-groups of this
type of receptor
alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta.
Acetylcholine binds to both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. where are they located in the body.
muscle cells
Acetylcholine binds to both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. What is the difference
between these receptor types
Muscarinic receptors are located on the cell membranes of the visceral organs and glands, whereas nicotinic receptors are located on the cell membranes of skeletal muscles and at the ganglia of nerves.
What is the primary role of oxytocin?
stimulate uterine contractions in labor and childbirth
where is oxytocin produced
mainly in the hypothalamus
Where are receptors for
oxytocin found in the body?
peripheral tissues and hypothalumus
Without neural stimulation, how is the contraction of smooth muscles controlled?
Contractile activity in smooth muscle is initiated by a Ca2+-calmodulin interaction to stimulate phosphorylation of the light chain of myosin.
source of calcium for smooth muscle
sarcoplasmic reticulum
source of calcium for cardiac muscle
sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
source of calcium for skeletal muscle
sarcoplasmic reticulum
What is the role of calcium in the
contractile process of smooth muscle?
initiates smooth muscle contraction by binding to calmodulin and activating the enzyme myosin light chain kinase
what is the role of calcium in the process of skeletal muscle
causes the filaments to slide into each other, triggering the contraction of the entire muscle fibe
what is the role of calcium in the process of skeletal muscle
coordinates the function of muscle (contractile activity) with its overall energetics, thereby controlling the provision of ATP in a time of need.
What does calcium bind to in smooth muscle?
Calmodulin
Which of the following is not a hormone that we will apply to the tissues in this lab?
Estrogen
Which of the following is not a manipulation we will perform in the lab?
.hanging Calcium Concentration
Altering Length-Tension Relationship
Administering Hormones
Reducing Oxygen Availability
Altering Length-Tension Relationship
Which is the source of Calcium for Smooth Muscles?
Sarcolemma
Where can we find smooth muscle in the body? What is its function?
he smooth muscle can be found in the wall of rogan systems like the digestive/reproductive tract, exocrine glands and vasculature. Their function is to exert pressure on the lumen, making altering movement of the designated organ.
What is the effect of hypoxia on tissues?
Hypoxia reduces the oxygen in the tissues required to maintain homeostasis. Causing Glycogen and atp to remain in the tissue, only excreting lactate instead of the usual CO2.
