smooth muscle lab

Question 1

what is an example of parasympathetic response for the heart

Answer 1

reduces the heasrt beat and relaxes muscles

Question 2

what is an example of sympathetic nervous system

Answer 2

increases heart beat and tenses the muscle up

flight or fight

Question 3

what drugs were used in the smooth muscle lab

Answer 3

ACH, Oxytocin and Epinephrine

Question 4

what is hypoxia

Answer 4

when the air tube is removed

Question 5

what is a major function of smooth muscles

Answer 5

exert certain pressure on the lumen alloing the movement through a given organ

Gi tract

Question 6

what signals contraction for smooth muscle

Answer 6

Calcium influc through the extracellular fluid in sarcloemma and diffusion through sacroplasm

Question 7

what is tonus

Answer 7

long term , moderate contraction

Question 8

What is the effect of epinephrine on smooth
muscle?

Answer 8

increase the rate of contraction of smooth muscle

Question 9

What is the effect of epinephrine on cardiac muscle

Answer 9

increases the rate and force of contraction,

Question 10

What is the effect of epinephrine on skeletal muscle

Answer 10

increase the force of skeletal muscle contraction and the rate and force of contraction of the heart

Question 11

What is the role of O2 in muscle physiology

Answer 11

the oxygen in your body is used to break down glucose, creating fuel for your muscles

Question 12

Epinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors. What are the different sub-groups of this
type of receptor

Answer 12

alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta.

Question 13

Acetylcholine binds to both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. where are they located in the body.

Answer 13

muscle cells

Question 14

Acetylcholine binds to both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. What is the difference
between these receptor types

Answer 14

Muscarinic receptors are located on the cell membranes of the visceral organs and glands, whereas nicotinic receptors are located on the cell membranes of skeletal muscles and at the ganglia of nerves.

Question 15

What is the primary role of oxytocin?

Answer 15

stimulate uterine contractions in labor and childbirth

Question 16

where is oxytocin produced

Answer 16

mainly in the hypothalamus

Question 17

Where are receptors for
oxytocin found in the body?

Answer 17

peripheral tissues and hypothalumus

Question 18

Without neural stimulation, how is the contraction of smooth muscles controlled?

Answer 18

Contractile activity in smooth muscle is initiated by a Ca2+-calmodulin interaction to stimulate phosphorylation of the light chain of myosin.

Question 19

source of calcium for smooth muscle

Answer 19

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

source of calcium for cardiac muscle

Answer 20

sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

Question 21

source of calcium for skeletal muscle

Answer 21

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 22

What is the role of calcium in the
contractile process of smooth muscle?

Answer 22

initiates smooth muscle contraction by binding to calmodulin and activating the enzyme myosin light chain kinase

Question 23

what is the role of calcium in the process of skeletal muscle

Answer 23

causes the filaments to slide into each other, triggering the contraction of the entire muscle fibe

Question 24

what is the role of calcium in the process of skeletal muscle

Answer 24

coordinates the function of muscle (contractile activity) with its overall energetics, thereby controlling the provision of ATP in a time of need.

Question 25

What does calcium bind to in smooth muscle?

Answer 25

Calmodulin

Question 26

Which of the following is not a hormone that we will apply to the tissues in this lab?

Answer 26

Estrogen

Question 27

Which of the following is not a manipulation we will perform in the lab?
.hanging Calcium Concentration
Altering Length-Tension Relationship
Administering Hormones
Reducing Oxygen Availability

Answer 27

Altering Length-Tension Relationship

Question 28

Which is the source of Calcium for Smooth Muscles?

Answer 28

Sarcolemma

Question 29

Where can we find smooth muscle in the body? What is its function?

Answer 29

he smooth muscle can be found in the wall of rogan systems like the digestive/reproductive tract, exocrine glands and vasculature. Their function is to exert pressure on the lumen, making altering movement of the designated organ.

Question 30

What is the effect of hypoxia on tissues?

Answer 30

Hypoxia reduces the oxygen in the tissues required to maintain homeostasis. Causing Glycogen and atp to remain in the tissue, only excreting lactate instead of the usual CO2.