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Basic Science Exam 1- Intro and Pulmonary > Smooth Muscle > Flashcards

Smooth Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

What does smooth muscle not have that skeletal and cardiac do have?

A

Striations

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2
Q

Power stroke

A

Movement of the myosin head pulling the actin filament

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3
Q

Microfilaments

A

beneath apical, form a newtwork inside the cell membrane

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4
Q

Microvilli

A

increase cell surface area
-supported by microfilaments
-Actin

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5
Q

Microfilaments are a modification of

A

cytoskeletal proteins found in all cells
-these functions interact with motors to produce movement

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6
Q

Type II Myosin

A

myosins that form bipolar filaments
-drive contraction in any kind of muscle
-found in all muscles

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7
Q

Cross Bridge Reaction

A
  1. ATP hydrolysis occurs on myosin head
  2. ADP and Pi bind to
  3. Myosin cross bridge attaches to actin myofilament
  4. Power stroke occurs
  5. ADP and Pi release.
  6. ATP binds with myosin head and causes the release of the myosin head from ATP
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8
Q

Multi-Unit smooth muscle

A

functions independent
-found in iris, erector pili
-long, tapered and SMALL (less than 2microns across)
-typically embedded in connective tissue
-single nucleus (similar to cardio muscles)

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9
Q

Unitary smooth muslce

A

-large and found in the gut, vessels
-ions can flow through unimpeded
-singular depolarization spreads RAPIDLY
-contract as one unit
“functional sinsitium (Spelled wrong check”

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10
Q

Dense bodies

A

anchor for thin filaments
-similar to Z disc in skeletal and cardio muscles
-only seen through electron microscope

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11
Q

Caveolae

A

“dimples” in the smooth muscle
increase surface area with ECF to allow calcium to enter

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12
Q

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

A

Network for calcium
modification of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-not very developed

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13
Q

Orientation of heads on thick filaments

A

smooth muscle has heads going in opposite orientation of opposite sides of the thick myosin filament
-Pulls the muscles very short

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14
Q

How much (%) can smooth muscles be shortened

A

About 80%
-due to myosin heads on both sides

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15
Q

Latch State

A

When the muscle is already contracted to a certain point, then it stays in the fixed position without expending too much energy.

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16
Q

Rate of contraction for smooth muscle

A

relatively slow compared to cardiac and skeletal muscle
-peak tension occurs around 2 seconds compared to less than .5seconds (skeletal and cardiac)

17
Q

Rigor Mortis

A

caused because ATP is not being produced to cause the myosin head to release from the actin filament

18
Q

Mechanism of smooth muscle contraction

A
  1. Calcium comes into the cell
  2. CaM binds to calcium to activate MLCK
  3. MLCK phosphorylates myosin
  4. Phosphorylated myosin contracts with actin
19
Q

Mechanism of smooth muscle relaxation

A
  1. myosin phosphatase removes phosphate from myosin
  2. CaM and Calcium unbind
  3. calcium is sspumped out of the cell
20
Q

second messenger of smooth muscle

A

ATP–ADP which phosphorylates proteins (phosphoprotein)
moves into protein phosphatase which removes the phosphate

21
Q

Kinases

A

intracellular enzymes that phosphorylate

22
Q

phosphatase

A

intracellular enzyme that removes phosphate

23
Q

Control mechanisms sof Smooth muscle

A

-neural control
-hormonal control
-mechanical stimulation
-local factors

24
Q

Neural control

A

ANS
-sympathetic (fight or flight)
-Parasympathetic (rest and digest)

25
Q

Hormonal control

A

noerepinephrine, epinephrine, angiotensin II, vasopressin, oxytocin

26
Q

mechanical stimulation

A

stretch
-contraction of GI tract, muscle tone in bladder

27
Q

Local factors

A

pH, CO2, O2, NO

28
Q

neural control of smooth muscle contraction (ANS)

A

visceral
-gap junction
-larger synapse

Multi-Unit
-autonomic neuron varicosity

29
Q

varicosities

A

contain and release neurotransmitters

30
Q

different patterns of contraction based on

A

electrical activity of the muscles

31
Q

smooth muscles around bronchioles

A

aka bronchiolar smooth muscle
-connects to the aveoli

32
Q

Bronchiolar smooth muscle receptors

A

B2: epi/NE (dilators)
mACHr: ACH (constrictors)

33
Q

B2

A

agonist
dilators
sympathetic
epinepherine/Norepinephrine

34
Q

mACHr

A

constrictor
antagonist
parasympathetic

35
Q

bronchoconstriction

A

asthma
smooth muscle constriction

36
Q

what do smooth muscles do in the cardiovascular sx?

A

regulate blood flow
moves blood where its needed

37
Q

Smooth muscle in GI tract

A

move in gross ways
submucosa helps with movement

Basic Science Exam 1- Intro and Pulmonary (3 decks)

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