Define and Explain Terms Flashcards

Based on BS1 Study questions

1
Q

Membrane potential

A

the two electrically charged points across a membrane
-typically negative inside a cell at rest

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2
Q

Nernst Potential

A

solves for equilibrium potential
A theoretical value for when a molecule will reach its equilibrium
Eqx= (58/z) x log([x out]/ [x in])

z= valence charge

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3
Q

Equilibrium potential

A

“Nernst potential”
How negative does a cell have to become before ____ stops diffusing?
When the net movement is 0.

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4
Q

isotonic

A

solution that does not cause a reference cell to shrink or swell
-NO CHANGE IN VOLUME
-ECF AND ICF CONCENTRATION ARE EQUAL

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5
Q

hypertonic

A

a solution that causes a cell to shrink (lose H2O)
-ECF has a higher concentration so cell releases H2O to balance

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6
Q

hypotonic

A

a solution that causes reference cell to swell
-gains water
-ECF has less concentration than ICF, so cell takes water in to balance

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7
Q

hydrophilic

A

loves water

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8
Q

hydrophobic

A

hates water

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9
Q

Primary active transport

A

requires ATP directly to initiate the movement of a molecule against a gradient s
-channel phosphorylates
-ex: Na+/K+ pump

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10
Q

Secondary active transport

A

Requires indirect use of ATP.
-concentration gradient produced by primary AT drives the movement
-Ex. Glucose using Na+ to move across the membrane

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11
Q

Ionotropic receptor

A

ion channel

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12
Q

Metabotropic receptor

A

2nd messenger

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13
Q

Primary Bronchi

A
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14
Q

secondary bronchi

A
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15
Q

termnial bronchiole

A
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16
Q

respiratory bronchiole

A
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17
Q

alveolus

A

the sacs of alveoli where gas exchange happens

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18
Q

alveolar duct

A

leads from respiratory bronchioles and to aveolar duct

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19
Q

Respiratory zone

A

Where there is actually gas exchange
- respiratory bronchioles, alveolar duct, alveoli

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20
Q

Conducting zone

A

from the nose to the terminal bronchioles where air is filtered and moistened

21
Q

Respiratory Membrane

A

composed of type 1 pneumocytes, basement protein layer, and capillary endothelial cells

where gas exchange occurs

22
Q

Type I aveolar cell

A

the most common on aveoli
-allows for gas exchange

23
Q

Type II aveolar cell

A

produces surfactant
regenerates

24
Q

Dorsal respiratory control center

A

for inspiration
-quiet breathing
-takes input from the glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve
-inspiratory ramp signal: increased firing of AP to diaphragm

25
Ventral Respiratory Group
silent in quiet breathing, drives expiration in anticipation of increased CO2 in the blood. -gets signals from carotid and aortic bodies
26
Blood Brain barrier
barrier between brain and blood flow -co2 can diffuse freely regulated by foot processes of astrocytes and endothelial cells with tight juntions
27
Perfusion
28
Ventilation
29
Parietal pleura
30
Visceral Pleura
31
Pleural edema
accumulation of fluid in the interstitial aveolar space
32
Pleural effusion
33
Colloid osmotic pressure
plasma proteins in the blood that drive osmotic forcer -brings fluid from fluid into the capillaries -at the venous end of the capillaries
34
Respiratory Zones 1, 2, 3
Where there is actually gas exchange - bronchioles, alveolar duct, alveoli
35
Mucociliary Escalator
36
E(K+)
-90mv
37
E(Na+)
+60mv
38
E(Cl-)
-63mv
39
Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation
Vm= P(K) + P(Na) + P(Cl)
40
delayed rectifying channel
a channel that delays its opening which allows depolarization to occur in terms of Na+/K+ channel
41
Action Potential steps
1. Rest membrane potential 2. Stimulus to depolarize 3. membrane depolarizes to threshold, causing Voltage gated Na+ channels to open quickly= Na+ enters cell and depolarizes. K+ gates open slowly 4. Depolarization of cell 5. Reached max potential. Na channels close and K channels finally open 6. K moves from ICF to ECF to repolarize 7. K channels remain open, hyper-polarizing the cell 8. K channels close. Less of K leaks out. 9. cell is bad at resting potential
42
Action potentials are _____
All or none -firing frequency encodes intensity
43
GLUT transporter
transfers glucose to ECF by facilitated diffusion -glucose binds to Na+ channel to bring it into the epithelial cell. -Na+ is pumped into cell by ATPASE pumps -Glucose is diffused across the basolateral membrane into ECF
44
What GLUT protein is associated with Diabetes type 2
GLUT 4
45
ICF Ion concentration
K+ 140 Na+ 5-15 Cl- 4-30 Ca2+ .0001
46
ECF Ion concentration
K+ 5 Na+ 145 Ca2+ 110 Ca2+ 1-2
47
V/Q Ratio
Ventilation:perfusion should be about 1
48
When CO2 in the blood combines with water it makes what
carbonic acid -acid release Hydrogen ions, increase pH
49
glomus cells activity in the PCR