Smoking Cessation Flashcards
What chemicals do cigarettes contain?
Over 60 known carcinogens.
Nicotine, tar, CO, arsenic, acetone, HCN, cadmium.
What are smoking-related cancers?
Upper respiratory - 24% risk.
Lung - 22% risk.
Oesophagus - 8% risk.
Bladder, kidney, pancreas - 2-3% risk.
What are smoking-related illnesses?
Type II diabetes mellitus.
Psoriasis.
Macular degeneration.
Osteoporosis.
CAD, peripheral vascular disease.
Peptic ulceration, Crohn’s disease.
What is the prevalence of smoking?
Decreasing in Scotland.
Highest among those aged 25-54.
Increased in more deprived areas.
What is second-hand smoke?
Affected children at home or in cars.
Can cause respiratory infections, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, cot death, and middle ear infection.
Decreased over time.
What is vaping?
Vaporised solutions of nicotine in propylene glycol. Each puff contains 25-50% of nicotine as a cigarette and lacks 250 poisons.
60% of people found that vapes stopped them from smoking for a month or more.
What do maternal smoking and second-hand smoke exposure affect?
Lower birth weights.
Increases risks of stillbirth, miscarriage, preterm birth, heart defects, and sudden infant death.
What are the relationships between the time since quitting smoking and the health benefits in the first 72 hours?
20 minutes - pulse returns to normal.
8 hours - nicotine and CO levels in the blood reduce.
24 hours - nicotine and CO are almost eliminated from the body; the lungs clear out smoking debris.
48 hours - taste and smell improve.
72 hours - breathing is easier, and energy increases.
What are the relationships between the time since quitting smoking and the health benefits in the first 2 weeks and a year?
2 weeks - circulation improves.
1 month - skin loses its grey pallor and becomes less wrinkled.
6 months - coughing and wheezing are reduced.
1 year - the excess risk of a heart attack reduces by half.
What are the relationships between the time since quitting smoking and the health benefits after 10 years?
The risk of lung cancer falls to half of a continuing smoker.
After 15 years, the risk of a heart attack falls back to normal.
What is the tobacco industry like in the UK?
Imperial Brands and Japan Tobacco International control 80% of the UK market.
Annual operating profits - over £1 billion.
A pack a day costs ~£4500 a year.
80% of the price of cigarettes goes towards the government (profitable).
What are the other costs of smoking?
Individuals and their family.
NHS - COPD, lung cancer, cardiac disease, primary and secondary care interactions.
Society - a loss of productivity, absenteeism, fires, passive smoking effects.
What strategies are used to protect children from cigarette smoke?
Illegal to sell tobacco to those under 18.
Illegal to smoke in a private vehicle with children in it.
No proxy purchases.
No more vending machines.
What strategies are done to regulate tobacco?
Hotels, guest house bedrooms, designated rooms in care homes / hospices / prisons, private homes, open spaces, and tobacco shops.
What are European laws to reduce smoking?
Picture warnings must cover 65% of the pack.
Banning of flavours.
Minimum pack size = 20 cigarettes.
Limits on tar / nicotine / CO.
Terms such as ‘mild’ and ‘ultra-smooth’ are banned.
