Non-Lung Cancer Thoracic Surgery Flashcards
What can cause lung abscesses?
Aspiration, including foreign bodies.
Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE).
Pneumonia.
Lung cavitations.
Septic emboli.
How do abscesses cause empyema?
They move towards the surface of the lung and discharge pus into the pleural cavity.
A sudden onset of pleural chest pain occurs.
What can cause empyema thoracis?
After pneumonia, operation, or trauma.
Oesophageal disease.
Osteomyelitis.
What surgical treatment is done for empyema?
Chest drain - removes pus.
Pleurectomy followed by decortication.
What are the different thymic tumours?
Thymoma.
Thymolipoma.
Thymic carcinoma.
Carcinoid tumours of the thymus.
Lymphoma.
Linked with myasthenia gravis.
What surgical treatment is done for thymic tumours?
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy - adjuvant therapies after surgery.
Thymomas are very responsive.
What are the different benign lung tumours?
Hamartoma.
Fibroma.
Lipoma.
Neural tumour.
Papilloma.
Chondroma.
Carcinoid.
What is tracheal surgery done for?
Repair of iatrogenic injury.
Tracheal tumours (salivary gland tumours, squamous carcinoma).
What are the indications for surgery in pneumothorax?
Recurrence and persistence.
Primary (usually, secondary is avoided).
What surgical treatment is done for pneumothorax?
Pleurodesis.
Pleurectomy.
What is bullous lung disease?
Changes in pressure cause changes in volume, leading to chest pain or a pneumothorax.
The pulmonary veins around the wall of the bulla can tear, or the air may embolise into the pulmonary veins (leading to stroke).
What are bronchogenic cysts?
Present from birth.
Belongs to the group of cysts collectively known as foregut duplication cysts.
What symptoms do bronchogenic cysts cause, and where are they located?
They are usually located around the trachea, carina, or oesophagus.
They can rapidly expand in size, causing stridor and dysphagia.
What lung conditions can lead to lung transplantation as treatment?
CF.
Pulmonary fibrosis.
Emphysema.
What other conditions must be met for lung transplantation to be used as treatment?
<65 years old.
Not obese or diabetic.
No renal failure or mental illness.
Good social support.
