Smart materials Flashcards
What are the three categories of ceramic products?
Whiteware, refractory, engineering products
Whiteware includes everyday items like dinner plates, refractory products are used in high-temperature applications, and engineering ceramics are utilized in advanced technological fields.
What is an example of a whiteware ceramic?
Dinner plates
Whiteware refers to ceramic products that are commonly used in everyday life.
What applications use refractory ceramic products?
Furnace linings, crucibles
Refractory ceramics are designed to withstand high temperatures.
What are engineering ceramics used for?
Aerospace, electronics, biomedical
Engineering ceramics are employed in high-tech applications due to their superior properties.
What are the basic ingredients of all ceramics?
Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, or boron combined with a metal
Common metals include aluminum or silicon.
What are advanced ceramics also referred to as?
Structural, fine ceramics
These ceramics have been processed to be very pure.
What are the three categories of wood?
Softwoods, hardwoods, engineered woods
Each category has distinct characteristics and uses.
From which type of trees are softwoods obtained?
Conifer trees
Softwoods come from gymnosperms, which have needles and produce cones.
What are examples of softwood trees?
Pine, cedar, fir, spruce, redwood
These trees are commonly used in woodworking and construction.
What are hardwoods derived from?
Deciduous trees
Hardwoods come from angiosperms, which produce leaves and seeds.
What are engineered woods?
Manufactured from other wooden material
Engineered woods are also known as composite woods.
What is a characteristic of smart materials?
Respond to external stimuli
Smart materials change their properties in a controllable and reversible manner.
What is another name for smart materials?
Responsive materials
This term reflects their ability to respond to changes in the environment.
What is shape memory alloy (SMA)?
An alloy that returns to its original shape when reheated
SMAs are made from a combination of metals like copper, zinc, nickel, aluminum, and titanium.
What does quantum tunneling composite (QTC) do under compression?
Becomes an electrical conductor
In its normal state, QTC acts as an insulator.
What happens when pressure is applied to piezoelectric crystals?
Causes a voltage to be generated
This property can also be reversed by applying voltage to induce stress in the material.
