Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI2 > Smallies 11 > Flashcards

Smallies 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the treatment for a diaphragmatic hernia?

A

Oxygen
IVFT and warm up
Surgery
Prophylactic antibiotics due to toxin release from organ strangulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Discuss the mortality with diaphragmatic hernia surgery

A

Higher mortality if surgery performed less than 24 hr following injury (also greater than 1-year-old). Give 24 hours to stabilise unless there is acute gastric distention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why is IPPV essential when doing a diaphragmatic hernia repair?

A

As soon as you have opened the abdomen you are doing open chest surgery due to the direct communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are signsof a perineal hernia?

A

Bulging perineal area

`Faecal tenesmus/dysuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the common signalment of a perineal hernia?

A

Normally entire older male but occasionally seen in bitch/cat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are causes of a perineal hernia?

A 
Progressive weakening of pelvic diaphragm
Hormonal influence
Tenesmus
Congenital/acquired weakness 
Colitis/prostatomegaly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can testosterone cause a perineal hernia?

A

Testosterone causes muscle atrophy which reduces muscular function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What muscles are found in the pelvic area?

A

Levator ani, coccygeus and external anal sphincter muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can herniate through a perineal hernia?

A

Pelvic fat, peritoneal fat, prostate and bladder can herniate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What will you feel on rectal examination of a patient with perineal hernia?

A

Reducible perineal swelling

Absence of pelvic diaphragm on the lateral side of the pelvic rim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are consequences of bladder retroflexion through a perineal hernia?

A

Stranguria, Hyperkalaemia, Azotaemia, Avascular necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the treatment for a retroflexed bladder through a perineal hernia?

A

Cystocentesis through perineum if bladder retroflexed and cannot pass urethral catheter
IVFT (check K+ levels if urinary obstruction)
Herniorrhaphy
Preplace sutures in the muscle before you close (using PDS suture material)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why should you neuter when doing a herniorrhaphy during treatment of a perineal hernia?

A

Aetiology is related to excess testosterone so neuter during herniorrhaphy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are complications of perineal hernia surgery?

A 
Faecal incontinence	Urinary problems
Infection
Rectal prolapse 
Sciatic nerve entrapment
Recurrence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why can you get faecal incontinence after perineal hernia surgery?

A

Suture placement – anchor sutures through prepubic tendon, if you go around the tendon you could accidentally entrap the sciatic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How can you try to reduce the risk of rectal prolapse after perineal hernia surgery?

A

Can use local blocks pst surgery to prevent straining post surgery

17
Q

What breeds are at risk of a hiatal hernia?

A 
Brachycephalic breeds (English bulldog, French bulldog, pug, etc.), Shar pei
Congenital defect
18
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a hiatal hernia?

A

Clinical presentation very similar to oesophagitis
Regurgitation
Hypersalivation
Visceral discomfort
Cough – excess saliva at the back of the throat

19
Q

What is included in the diagnostic workup of a hiatal hernia?

A

Radiography
Fluoroscopy
Endoscopy

20
Q

What will you see on radiography with a hiatal hernia?

A

A soft tissue opacity in dorso-caudal thorax adjacent to diaphragm

21
Q

What is the treatment for a hiatal hernia?

A

Treat oesophagitis

Surgery

22
Q

What can you use to treat oesophagitis?

A

Antacid, Sucralfate, Prokinetic, Antibiotic (if aspiration)

23
Q

Describe the surgery for the treatment of a hiatal hernia?

A

Ventral midline coeliotomy
Reduce hernia at oesophageal hiatus and close
Pexy oesophagus to diaphragm
Pexy stomach to body wall if the stomach has also moved into the chest (similar to procedure done for a gastric torsion)

24
Q

What is a Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic Hernia?

A

Rare congenital communication between pericardial sac and abdomen, due to faulty development of septum transversum

25
Q

What breeds are predisposed to a Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic Hernia?

A

Weimaraner, Cocker spaniel

26
Q

What will you see on radiography with a Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic Hernia?

A

Enlarged cardiac silhouette
Dorsally displaced trachea
Gas opacities in pericardial sac – will have small intestine within the pericardium

27
Q

Describe the surgery for a Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic Hernia?

A

Ventral midline coeliotomy
Incise sternum if necessary
Reduce viscera
Suture diaphragm - no need to separately close pericardium

GI2 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions