SMALL STOCK DISEASES AND VACCINATION PROTOCOLS Flashcards
Respiratory Disease - Pasteurella multocida
what is the clinical signs
- Fever
- Lethargy
- Anorexia
- Coughing
- Nasal Discharge
Respiratory Disease - Pasteurella multocida
What is the treatment ?
Antibiotics
NSAIDS
Rumen stimulants
Multivitamins
What is the clinical signs of rumen acidosis ?
Diarrhea
Dehydration
Ataxia
Postmortem
Rumenitis
Watery rumen content
Often liver abscessation
Cerebrocortical necrosis (B1 deficiency)
What is the treatment for rumen acidosis ?
Magnesium oxide
Activated charcoal
Penicillin
Vit B1
NSAIDS
What transmits the blue tong vector ?
Culicoides Imicola
What is the clinical signs of Blue tong ?
• Dental pad ulcerations
• Coronitis
• Facial swelling and oedema
Blue tongue treatment ?
Anti-inflammatories
Antibiotics
Aspirin
What causes Heart water ?
Ehrlichia Ruminatium transmitted by Amblyomma Habraeum
tick occuring north of the Magliesburg
mountain range moving south
What is the clinical signs of Heart water ?
Neurological signs and
paddling
What is the treatment of Heart water ?
Terramycin @ dose of 1ml/10kg
What causes Pulpy kidney ?
Often encountered when animals are placed on
good quality diets or deworming without prior vaccinations
Clostridium perfringens type D produces Epsilon toxin
What is the clinical signs of Pulpy kidney ?
• Acute death with no overt symptoms shown
• Neurological signs in older ewes with preformed
immunity- FSE
What are the postmortem sighs of pulpy kidney?
• Glucosuria!!
• Hydropericardium with an associated chicken fat clot
• Autolyzed kidneys- always compared to the liver
What is the most potent toxin known to man ?
Botulism
Seen commonly after ingestions of bones/dead organic material
Explain Tetanus
Caused by Clostridium Tetani
Blocks release of inhibitory neurotransmitters and results in a spastic paralysis as well as death as a result of respiratory muscle paralysis
Explain POLIOENCEPHALOMALACIA
Known as star gazers
seen with
1. Acidosis
2. Sulphur overdose
3. Amprolium overdose
All 3 are associated with thiamine(B1) deficiency
essential for glucose co-production and is necessary for the functioning of Na/K pump
Without the NA/K pump: Fluid accumulates intracellularly and results in neuronal swelling
How do we diagnose POLIOENCEPHALOMALACIA
When put under UV light, brain will fluoresce
What are the clinical signs of Wireworm?
- Anemia
- Bottle jaw
- Eventual death
What can be done to resist the occurrence of wireworm resistance to deworming?
- Strategic dosing
- Moving to dry camp
- Breed for resistance
What are the compulsory vaccines in small stock?
- Against Anthrax - Bacillus Anthracis
What are the essential vaccines in small stock?
- Blue tongue
- Pulpy kidney
- Heart water
- Rift Valley fever
Explain blue tongue vaccine?
Three vaccinations, three weeks apart split into vaccine A,B and C in order to incorporate all 21 serotypes
Never administer to pregnant ewes- will cause
ewes to abort. Vaccinate 9W before breeding
and Rams after breeding
Explain Pulpy kidney vaccine
Always vaccinate at least two weeks prior to deworming
When is heart water vaccine given?
Given to lambs at one week of age
When should Rift valley fever vaccine be given?
Early spring to all animals over six months
Vaccinations in your programme must include:
- Respiratory pathogens (P. Multocida)
- Multivalent clostridial vaccine
- Multiminerals
- Metaphylactic antibiotics
- Implants
- Dewormers
What are implants?
Used at the start of feeding period as it increases production efficiency by 15%
Explain the work of Zilmax
Beta-adrenergic agonist which increases intracellular cAMP concentrations. Leads to increased rate of lipolysis and decreased lipogenesis. Also increase muscle mass through various physiological pathways.
Inclusion rate-largely depends on intake (DMI)
Often included at 70g/ton
