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KVK 420 > SMALL STOCK DISEASES AND VACCINATION PROTOCOLS > Flashcards

SMALL STOCK DISEASES AND VACCINATION PROTOCOLS Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory Disease - Pasteurella multocida

what is the clinical signs

A
  1. Fever
  2. Lethargy
  3. Anorexia
  4. Coughing
  5. Nasal Discharge
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2
Q

Respiratory Disease - Pasteurella multocida

What is the treatment ?

A

 Antibiotics
 NSAIDS
 Rumen stimulants
 Multivitamins

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3
Q

What is the clinical signs of rumen acidosis ?

A

 Diarrhea
 Dehydration
 Ataxia

Postmortem
 Rumenitis
 Watery rumen content
 Often liver abscessation
 Cerebrocortical necrosis (B1 deficiency)

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4
Q

What is the treatment for rumen acidosis ?

A

 Magnesium oxide
 Activated charcoal
 Penicillin
 Vit B1
 NSAIDS

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5
Q

What transmits the blue tong vector ?

A

Culicoides Imicola

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6
Q

What is the clinical signs of Blue tong ?

A

• Dental pad ulcerations
• Coronitis
• Facial swelling and oedema

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7
Q

Blue tongue treatment ?

A

 Anti-inflammatories
 Antibiotics
 Aspirin

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8
Q

What causes Heart water ?

A

Ehrlichia Ruminatium transmitted by Amblyomma Habraeum
tick occuring north of the Magliesburg
mountain range moving south

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9
Q

What is the clinical signs of Heart water ?

A

Neurological signs and
paddling

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10
Q

What is the treatment of Heart water ?

A

Terramycin @ dose of 1ml/10kg

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11
Q

What causes Pulpy kidney ?

A

Often encountered when animals are placed on
good quality diets or deworming without prior vaccinations

Clostridium perfringens type D produces Epsilon toxin

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12
Q

What is the clinical signs of Pulpy kidney ?

A

• Acute death with no overt symptoms shown
• Neurological signs in older ewes with preformed
immunity- FSE

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13
Q

What are the postmortem sighs of pulpy kidney?

A

• Glucosuria!!
• Hydropericardium with an associated chicken fat clot
• Autolyzed kidneys- always compared to the liver

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14
Q

What is the most potent toxin known to man ?

A

Botulism

Seen commonly after ingestions of bones/dead organic material

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15
Q

Explain Tetanus

A

Caused by Clostridium Tetani
Blocks release of inhibitory neurotransmitters and results in a spastic paralysis as well as death as a result of respiratory muscle paralysis

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16
Q

Explain POLIOENCEPHALOMALACIA

A

Known as star gazers
seen with
1. Acidosis
2. Sulphur overdose
3. Amprolium overdose

All 3 are associated with thiamine(B1) deficiency
essential for glucose co-production and is necessary for the functioning of Na/K pump

Without the NA/K pump: Fluid accumulates intracellularly and results in neuronal swelling

17
Q

How do we diagnose POLIOENCEPHALOMALACIA

A

When put under UV light, brain will fluoresce

18
Q

What are the clinical signs of Wireworm?

A
  1. Anemia
  2. Bottle jaw
  3. Eventual death
19
Q

What can be done to resist the occurrence of wireworm resistance to deworming?

A
  1. Strategic dosing
  2. Moving to dry camp
  3. Breed for resistance
20
Q

What are the compulsory vaccines in small stock?

A
  1. Against Anthrax - Bacillus Anthracis
21
Q

What are the essential vaccines in small stock?

A
  1. Blue tongue
  2. Pulpy kidney
  3. Heart water
  4. Rift Valley fever
22
Q

Explain blue tongue vaccine?

A

Three vaccinations, three weeks apart split into vaccine A,B and C in order to incorporate all 21 serotypes

Never administer to pregnant ewes- will cause
ewes to abort. Vaccinate 9W before breeding
and Rams after breeding

23
Q

Explain Pulpy kidney vaccine

A

Always vaccinate at least two weeks prior to deworming

24
Q

When is heart water vaccine given?

A

Given to lambs at one week of age

25
Q

When should Rift valley fever vaccine be given?

A

Early spring to all animals over six months

26
Q

Vaccinations in your programme must include:

A
  1. Respiratory pathogens (P. Multocida)
  2. Multivalent clostridial vaccine
  3. Multiminerals
  4. Metaphylactic antibiotics
  5. Implants
  6. Dewormers
27
Q

What are implants?

A

Used at the start of feeding period as it increases production efficiency by 15%

28
Q

Explain the work of Zilmax

A

Beta-adrenergic agonist which increases intracellular cAMP concentrations. Leads to increased rate of lipolysis and decreased lipogenesis. Also increase muscle mass through various physiological pathways.

Inclusion rate-largely depends on intake (DMI)
Often included at 70g/ton

KVK 420 (12 decks)

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