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KVK 420 > Lamb nutrition management > Flashcards

Lamb nutrition management Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 phases of lamb-kid nutrition

A
  1. Fetal - in the womb
  2. Neonatal - shortly after birth
  3. Nursing - suckling, pre-weaning,
  4. Growing/finishing - weaning to market or breeding
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2
Q

How long is sheep ewe pregnancy?

A

150 days

5 months

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3
Q

Most wool follicle development occurs in the ____ trimesters

A

2nd and 3rd trimesters

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4
Q

The majority of fetal growth occurs in the final ___days

A

60 days

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5
Q

__% of placental growth occurs by day __ of pregnancy.

A

90% day 90

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6
Q

What are the effects of under nutrition in late pregnancy?

A
  1. Low birth weights
  2. Reduced survival rate
  3. Poor growth rate during suckling period
  4. Lower weaning weights
  5. Reduced brown fat reserves - reduce survival
  6. Lower colostrum and milk yield
  7. Poorer maternal bond - can reduce survival
  8. Fewer secondary wool follicles - less wool production
  9. Risk of pregnancy toxemia (ketosis) - risk of losing mother and babies
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7
Q

What nutrients are especially important during late gestation?

A
  1. Selenium
  2. Vit E
  3. Calcium
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8
Q

Should high quality hay be saved for pregnancy or lactation?

A

Lactation

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9
Q

For how long does ewes/does produce colostrum?

A

First 24 hours only

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10
Q

Colostrum quality/quantity is affected by ..?

A

Late gestation nutrition

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11
Q

Antibodies in colostrum depend upon ..?

A

Antigens dam was exposed to in late pregnancy - naturally or via vaccination

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12
Q

What can be done if we do not have enough colostrum?

A
  1. Collect colostrum from ewes/does that have extra
  2. Colostrum from another female in flock/herd
  3. Colostrum from another sheep or goat farm with similar disease status
  4. Get cow colostrum from local dairy farm.
  5. Can store colostrum for up to a year in deep freeze - must use within 24 h after defreezing - warm frozen colostrum in warm water bath as to not denature proteins with extreme temperatures
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13
Q

What amount of colostrum must a lamb consume?

A

10% of their body weight

4 feedings in first 24 hours

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14
Q

Is bucket self-feeding or handfeeding better with orphan lambs?

A

bucket self-feeding

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15
Q

What determines the weaning of lambs ?

A
  1. Weight
  2. Amount of feed consumed
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16
Q

During the nursing period there is 3 options. Name and describe these nursing options

A
  1. No supplementation
  2. Supplement does/ewes
  3. Supplement lambs/kids
17
Q

Define creep grazing

A

Creep grazing is where you allow lambs/kids access to better quality “cleaner” pasture while limiting ewes/does to lesser quality pasture.

18
Q

What are the advantages of creep feeding?

A
  1. Increases growth performance
  2. Reduce weaning stress for early weaned lambs/kid
  3. Especially advantageous for twins/triplets where milk
    production is a limiting factor.
  4. Increase weaning weights
19
Q

How much creep feed needs to be consumed to make it economical?

A

> 200 g per head per day

20
Q

What are the requirements of a creep area?

A
  1. Creep gate big enough for lambs/kids to enter but too small for ewes/does to enter
  2. High traffic area
  3. Dry, well-bedded area
  4. A light will attract lambs/kids
  5. Large enough for all lambs/kids to be at one time
21
Q

What are the requirements for the feeders of creep feed?

A
  1. Feeders that can’t be easily contaminated
  2. Feeders that are easy to clean
  3. Enough feeders to accommodate all the lambs/kids at one time
  4. Recommended feeder space is 5 cm per lamb
  5. Hay in a rack or manger
22
Q

Describe the creep ration

A
  1. 20% crude protein
  2. Palatable
  3. Finely ground, small particle size
  4. Fresh; replace daily
  5. Offer free choice good quality hay
  6. Offer fresh water
23
Q

What must we change in the creep feed as lambs/kids get older?

A
  1. Reduce protein level
  2. Switch to coarser feeds
  3. Add a coccidiostat to prevent coccidiosis
  4. Include ammonium chloride to prevent urinary calculi
  5. Gradually switch to the ration that the lamb/kids will be fed after weaning
24
Q

Nutrient requirements of lambs/kids are based on ..?

A
  1. Species
  2. Age
  3. Sex
  4. Genetics
  5. Desired level of performance (ADG)
25
Q

Deciding on pasture or concentrate depends on ..?

A
  • Land availability
  • Feed and pasture costs
  • Performance needs/expectations
  • Genetics of animals
  • Predator pressure
  • Parasite pressure
  • Markets
26
Q

Name the pros of Pasture/Forage Diet

A
  • More “natural” environment and diet.
  • Leaner, more healthful carcasses
  • Growing consumer demand for grass-fed meat and milk.
  • Potentially more economical gain.
27
Q

Name the pros of concentrate diet

A
  • Superior growth
  • Reach market sooner
  • Milder flavored meat (lamb)
  • No parasite or predator problems to deal with.
  • More pasture for ewes/does
28
Q

Name the cons of pasture/forage diet

A
  • More susceptible to worm parasites.
  • More vulnerable to predators.
  • Slower growth
  • Longer to reach market weight
  • May not meet genetic potential.
  • May require supplemental feeding to reach slaughter condition.
  • More pasture is needed for enterprise
29
Q

Name the cons of concentrate diet

A
  • Fatter, less healthful carcasses
  • Not all breeds suitable for dry lot finishing
  • More costly gain
30
Q

Name the options for feeding lambs/kids

A
  1. As a supplement to pasture diet
  2. Hay + concentrate
  3. TMR (total mixed ratio)
  4. Only concentrate
31
Q

Name the difference between hand feeding and self-feeding

A

Hand feeding improves feed efficiency

Self-feeding improves ADG and reduces labor input

32
Q

What causes Enterotoxemia?

A

Proliferation of bacteria due to sudden change in diet

33
Q

What causes Acidosis?

A

Drop in rumen pH due to rapid fermentation of highly digestible carbs

34
Q

What causes Urinary calculi?

A

Mineral imbalance (Ca:P)
More common in grain-fed animals

35
Q

What causes White muscle disease?

A

Selenium/Vitamin E deficiency

36
Q

What causes Polio (PEP)?

A

Thiamine (B1) deficiency caused by change in rumen environment

37
Q

At what age does sheep reach puberty and breed?

A

7-9 months

38
Q

At what weight must males be at puberty and breed?

A

50% of mature weight

39
Q

At what weight must females be at puberty and breed?

A

60 to 70% of mature weight

KVK 420 (12 decks)

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