Small Ruminants Toxicology

Question 1

• Pteridium aquilinum
• Sheep and goats
• Hemorrhagic cystitis that progresses to neoplastic changes
• Severe enough to cause anemia, exercise intolerance, loss of body condition, tachypnea, tachycardia and pallor

Answer 1

Bracken fern
Enzootic hematuria

Question 2

• Acute onset of depression, icterus, pallor nd cold extremities.
• Supplementation gas hay with grain formulated for steers
• Liver copper levels build up until suddenly released causing severe hemolysis and resulting in icterus
• Often fatal
• Hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria and renal failure
• Acute death.
• Necropsy: dark blue hemoglobin filled kidneys
• Sheeps are highly susceptible
• Acute hemolytic crisis.
• Acute death, icterus, depression, hemoglobinuria, increased resp rate, weakness

Answer 2

Copper

Question 3

• Typical interstitial pneumonia in sheep and goats

Answer 3

4-Ipomeanol

Moldy sweet potatoe have Fusarium solani that produces mycotoxin 4-Ipomeanol

• Similar plant toxicity: Perilla mint, moldy sweet potatoes, ad brassica plants (rape, kale, turnip tops). Perilla mint ketone is metabolized to a toxic intermediate that damages Type I pneumocytes and bronchial epithelial cells.