Bovine Toxicology Flashcards
1
Q
- Lameness
- sloughing of rear hooves,
- decreased weight gain,
- decreased milk production and
- fat necrosis
A
Fescue
2
Q
- Contain alkaloids called taxines that are highly toxic
- Depress myocardial conduction by blocking sodium movement through membranes`
A
Yew
Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata)
3
Q
- Collapse
- Sudden death
- Often when clippings are consumed by livestock
A
Yew
English yew (Taxus baccata)
4
Q
- Dyspnea, staggering, death
- Bright red mucus membranes de to the result of the cyanide interfering with the electron transport chain (binds to cytochrome oxidase)
- Hemoglobin is unable to release oxygen
- GI tract bitter almond smell necropsy
A
Cyanide-containing plant
Chokecherry
5
Q
- AKA Fiddleneck, Fireweed, Tarweed
- Hepatotoxic causing: Megalocytosis, biliary duct hyperplasia and fibrosis
- Liver unable to clear normal chlorophyll breakdown products such as Phylloerythrin which causes photosensitization secondary to liver damage
- Liver disease after several months of consumption
- Photosensitization
A
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Amsinckia intermedia
Primary photosensitizing agents: Hypericum perforated, Europium, Ammi majus.
Tansy ragwort: Liver disease
6
Q
- Acute death
- Cardiac glycoside acute clinical signs and death
A
** Glycoside**
Milkweed
7
Q
- Bone marrow depression.
- Alkylation of DNA leading to tumors.
- Manifests as hemorrhages,hematuria, and/or cancer in the bladder or others.
- Anemia and neutropenia.
- Can take up 3 months to show clinical signs
- Summer hills of coastal California. Spring, early summer.
A
Bracken fern
Toxic glycoside (ptaquiloside) + Thiaminase
8
Q
- Coagulopathy via vitamin K antagonism
- Consumption over long periods of time
A
Bracken fern
Moldy sweet clover
9
Q
- A metabolite of 4-ipomeanol is a pneumotoxic compound on the sweet potato compound called 4 hydroxymyoporone
- Metabolite is toxic to pulmonary tissues.
- Lesions similar to those found with acute bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema (ABPE)
- Yearling animals fed with sewer potatoe days ago.
- Clinical: tachypnea, dyspnea, grunting, frothing at the mouth, deep cough and respiratory distress
- Necropsy: lungs are wet, firm and fail to collapse. Lobules are dark red and firm with hemorrhages, edema, emphysema and bullae throughout the interstitial pneumonia
A
4-ipomeanol
Fungus: Fusrium solani
Moldy sweet potato
10
Q
- Dyspnea, weakness, followed by death of several calves
- Polyphenol binds to iron cell consituents.
- Kidney damage, inhibit dehydrogenase enzymes,and uncouple phosphorlation in the cell.
- Sudden death calves less than 4 months.
- Adults: sterility in bulls and decreased conception in cows.
A
Gossypol
Cottonseed
11
Q
- Permanent damage in teeth
- Results in ameloblasts prematurely reducing in size.
- The enamel epithelium forms an irregular matrix which does not calcify normally.
- Causes bone lesions (primarily medial surface of the proximal third of the metatarsal bones).
A
Fluoride
12
Q
- Photosensitivity
A
Hypericin
St. John’s-wort
13
Q
- Salivation,
- bloat,
- musclefascicultion,
- collapse,
- staggering and
- death
A
Lakspur
14
Q
- Cattle moved to lush forage that is high in tryptophan metabolized to 3methylindole in the rumen that is toxic to lung
- Acute interstitial pneumonia and emphysema
- Syndrome known as AcuteBovine Pulmonay Edema and Emphysema (ABPEE), fog fever or grunts
- Met hemoglobinuria
A
Nitrate
15
Q
- Sudden death close to ponds.
- Mitosis, ptyalism, bradycardia, and diarrhea.
- Toxins absorbed through mucus membranes and cause post-synaptic depolarizing block.
A
Nitrate
Blue green algae toxicity
