Canine Infectious Diseases

Question 1

• Protozoan parasite (dog and canidaes defintive hosts)
• Acquire the disease eating contaminated meat
• Spreads Oocysts (infecting cows)
• Diffuse muscle atrophy, NEUROLOGIC abnormalities
• Diagnosis IFA

Answer 1

Neospora caninum

Question 2

• Hookworm (_______ and Uncinaria)
• Poor sanitation and / or kennels
• Cutaneous larva migrans in humans (infective larvae penetrate epidermis) but cannot penetrate basement membrane
• Suck blood causing anemia
• Enteritis
• Coughing (larval migration)
• Failing to thrive
• Transmitted in utero, during nursing or via 3rd stage larva penetrating the skin (pads are affected)

Answer 2

Ancylostoma

Question 3

• Roundworm
• Visceral larval migrans in humans
• Transmission is oral-fecal
• Puppies acquire transplacentally

Answer 3

Toxocara canis

Question 4

• Tapeworms
• Treat for fleas (intermediate host)
• Dogs become infected by swallowing fleas that carry the tapeworm eggs
• Find proglottids in the feces and perianally
• Treatment: Praziquantel

Answer 4

Dipylidium caninum

Question 5

• Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Answer 5

Dermacentor variabilis, andersoni

Question 6

• Vector of Ehrlichia canis

Answer 6

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Question 7

• Previously: Dipetalonema.
• Microfilarial parasite found in blood (not in blood cells)
• Typically non-clinical

Answer 7

Acanthocheilonema reconditum

Question 8

• Infectious coccidian in dogs and cat
• Treatment: Sulfadimethoxine (Albon)

Answer 8

Isospora

Question 9

• Generalized demodicosis
• Deep skin scraping: moving “cigar shaped” mites
• Treatment: Amitraz (Mitaban)
• Often secondary to an underlying disease or immunosuppressive

Answer 9

Demodex canis

Question 10

• Long and lender compared with Demodex canis
• Greasy seborrhea, especially on the face and dorsal trunk
• Terriers and Shih Tzu may be predisposed
• Bacterial culture may be needed

Answer 10

Demodex injai

Question 11

• Non-seasonal
• Intensely pruritic
• Transmissible mite
• Affects the stratum corneum (less likely to cause folliculitis)
• Patchy areas of alopecia, crusting, erythema and severe pruritus around pinnae, ventral thorax, ventral abdomen, and legs
• Canine scabies
• Zoonotic: Limit contact using gloves
• Skin scraping could be negative
• No associated with a genetic defect.
• Usually responsive to Ivermectin, Anitra’s, Milbemycin oxime or selamectin

Answer 11

Sarcoptes scabei

Question 12

• Mites “Walking dandruff”
• Feed on the keratins layer of the skin (less likely to case folliculitis)
• Skin flaking and typically intense pruritus

Answer 12

Cheyletiella

Question 13

• Parasite that causes hydatid cyst disease in humans which can be fatal
• Hydatid tapeworm, non-pathogenic in dogs
• Acquired by eating raw sheep meat or viscera infected
• Treatment of risk dogs, praziquantel

Answer 13

Echinococcus granulosus

Question 14

• Lung fluke

Answer 14

Paragonimus kellicotti

Question 15

• G(-) motile thin, S-shaped or gull-shaped rod, can be singly, pairs or in chains
• Mucus-laden diarrhea

Answer 15

Campilobacteriosis

C. Jejuni is most commonly isolated (fresh fecal swabs) - Campylobacter blood agar plates, grows in an oxygen-reduced atmosphere 3-4 days

Question 16

• Rickettsial organism transmitted by the fluke Nanophyetus salmincola (trematode)
• Acquired when dogs consume raw fish (salmon poisoning) vector: raw salmon
• Fever, vomiting, diarrhea, enlarged lymph nodes and depression.
• Rare causes neurologic signs (seizures and muscle twitching)
• Treatment tetracycline-type drug: Oxytetracycline. Untreated patients, 90% mortality.
• Praziquantel to eliminate the fluke
• Dogs infected by eating fish infected with the cercaría of the fluke which harbor the rickettsia.
• Diagnosis: Clinical signs (severe hemorrhagic enteritis, lethargy, anorexia, history of fishing, generalized lymphadenopathy) + finding the fluke eggs.

Answer 16

Neorickettsia helmonthoeca

Question 17

• Filamentous, branching, G(+) bacteria
• Normal inhabitant of mouth and oropharynx.
• Commonly associated with grass awn migration.

Answer 17

Actinomyces

Question 18

• Transmitted via ticks
• Vector: Ixodes pacificus
• Fever, arthritis, lymphadenopathy, anorexia, and lethargy
• Causes renal disease and/or rarely cardiac or neurologic disease

Answer 18

Borrelia burgdoferi (spirochete bacterium)

Lyme

Question 19

• Large bipolar staining coccobacilli
• Transmitted to cats and dogs after ingestion of rodents or via bites from the prey’s fleas
• Dogs and cats fleas are poor vectors of Plague
• Fever, lymphadenopathy
• Lance the “buboes” and flush it, dispose organic material properly

Answer 19

Yersinia pestis

Question 20

• Recent most common servers: Grippotyphosa, Pomona, Bratislava
• In the past: Icterohemorrhagiae and canicola
• Penetrates mucous membranes and multiply in blood stream and spread to organs
• Anorexia, pyrexia, vomiting, dehydration, PU/PD, anuria, oliguria
• Diagnosis: MAT (microscopic agglutination)
• Dog maintenance host of Canicola

Answer 20

Leptospira

Question 21

• Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
• Dermacentor ticks
• Anorexia, lethargy, fever, lymphadenopathy, swollen and painful joints, mild cough

Answer 21

Ricketsia rickettsii

Question 22

• Diagnosis cytology: Spherules
• 20-200 micrometer round, double-walled structure containing Endoscopes
• Prolonged antifungal treatment is necessary - Fluconazole. Ketoconazole and Itraconazole are good choices.
• Travel to west coast.
• Lameness
• Chest radiographs: diffuse brnchointerstitial pattern, nodular in some regions.
• Hilar lymphadenopathy
• Coccidioides infection cause anterior uveitis in a dog with arqueous flare

Answer 22

Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioides immites

Question 23

• Broad-based budding yeast
• Anorexia, weight loss, progressive exercise intolerance and dyspnea.
• Hacking cough.
• Fever.
• Diffuse peripheral lymphadenopathy
• Chest radiographs: diffuse nodular interstitial pattern in all lung fields
• Cytology lymph node: suppuration inflammation. Broad based budding of the yeast.
• Transtracheal wash or blonchoalveolar lavage
• Commonly seen in Mississippi

Answer 23

Blastomycosis

Blastomyces dermatiditis

Question 24

Differentiation fungus:

Answer 24

• Blastomyces: broad-based budding yeast
• Cryptococcus; small yeast with large capsule
• Aspergillus: branching fungal hypha
• Histoplasma: small intracellular yeast

Question 25

**Differentiation fungus:**

Answer 25

- Blastomyces: broad-based budding yeast - Cryptococcus; small yeast with large capsule - Aspergillus: branching fungal hypha - Histoplasma: small intracellular yeast

Question 26

- Considered contagious either to other animals and human (zoonotic) - Specially in cats, is a high risk to veterinarians

Answer 26

**Sporotrichosis** *Sporothrix*

Question 27

- Ubiquitous fungus that causes infection due to host factors such as immunosucceptibility or breed predilections

Answer 27

**Aspergillus**

Question 28

- Not a contagious disease - Infection occurs from inhalation of the yeast from environment, frequently avian habitat, as it survives ideally pigeon droppings

Answer 28

**Cryptococcus**