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NAVLE Test Prep Topics > Canine Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Canine Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q
  • Protozoan parasite (dog and canidaes defintive hosts)
  • Acquire the disease eating contaminated meat
  • Spreads Oocysts (infecting cows)
  • Diffuse muscle atrophy, NEUROLOGIC abnormalities
  • Diagnosis IFA
A

Neospora caninum

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2
Q
  • Hookworm (_______ and Uncinaria)
  • Poor sanitation and / or kennels
  • Cutaneous larva migrans in humans (infective larvae penetrate epidermis) but cannot penetrate basement membrane
  • Suck blood causing anemia
  • Enteritis
  • Coughing (larval migration)
  • Failing to thrive
  • Transmitted in utero, during nursing or via 3rd stage larva penetrating the skin (pads are affected)
A

Ancylostoma

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3
Q
  • Roundworm
  • Visceral larval migrans in humans
  • Transmission is oral-fecal
  • Puppies acquire transplacentally
A

Toxocara canis

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4
Q
  • Tapeworms
  • Treat for fleas (intermediate host)
  • Dogs become infected by swallowing fleas that carry the tapeworm eggs
  • Find proglottids in the feces and perianally
  • Treatment: Praziquantel
A

Dipylidium caninum

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5
Q
  • Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
A

Dermacentor variabilis, andersoni

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6
Q
  • Vector of Ehrlichia canis
A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

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7
Q
  • Previously: Dipetalonema.
  • Microfilarial parasite found in blood (not in blood cells)
  • Typically non-clinical
A

Acanthocheilonema reconditum

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8
Q
  • Infectious coccidian in dogs and cat
  • Treatment: Sulfadimethoxine (Albon)
A

Isospora

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9
Q
  • Generalized demodicosis
  • Deep skin scraping: moving “cigar shaped” mites
  • Treatment: Amitraz (Mitaban)
  • Often secondary to an underlying disease or immunosuppressive
A

Demodex canis

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10
Q
  • Long and lender compared with Demodex canis
  • Greasy seborrhea, especially on the face and dorsal trunk
  • Terriers and Shih Tzu may be predisposed
  • Bacterial culture may be needed
A

Demodex injai

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11
Q
  • Non-seasonal
  • Intensely pruritic
  • Transmissible mite
  • Affects the stratum corneum (less likely to cause folliculitis)
  • Patchy areas of alopecia, crusting, erythema and severe pruritus around pinnae, ventral thorax, ventral abdomen, and legs
  • Canine scabies
  • Zoonotic: Limit contact using gloves
  • Skin scraping could be negative
  • No associated with a genetic defect.
  • Usually responsive to Ivermectin, Anitra’s, Milbemycin oxime or selamectin
A

Sarcoptes scabei

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12
Q
  • Mites “Walking dandruff”
  • Feed on the keratins layer of the skin (less likely to case folliculitis)
  • Skin flaking and typically intense pruritus
A

Cheyletiella

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13
Q
  • Parasite that causes hydatid cyst disease in humans which can be fatal
  • Hydatid tapeworm, non-pathogenic in dogs
  • Acquired by eating raw sheep meat or viscera infected
  • Treatment of risk dogs, praziquantel
A

Echinococcus granulosus

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14
Q
  • Lung fluke
A

Paragonimus kellicotti

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15
Q
  • G(-) motile thin, S-shaped or gull-shaped rod, can be singly, pairs or in chains
  • Mucus-laden diarrhea
A

Campilobacteriosis

C. Jejuni is most commonly isolated (fresh fecal swabs) - Campylobacter blood agar plates, grows in an oxygen-reduced atmosphere 3-4 days

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16
Q
  • Rickettsial organism transmitted by the fluke Nanophyetus salmincola (trematode)
  • Acquired when dogs consume raw fish (salmon poisoning) vector: raw salmon
  • Fever, vomiting, diarrhea, enlarged lymph nodes and depression.
  • Rare causes neurologic signs (seizures and muscle twitching)
  • Treatment tetracycline-type drug: Oxytetracycline. Untreated patients, 90% mortality.
  • Praziquantel to eliminate the fluke
  • Dogs infected by eating fish infected with the cercaría of the fluke which harbor the rickettsia.
  • Diagnosis: Clinical signs (severe hemorrhagic enteritis, lethargy, anorexia, history of fishing, generalized lymphadenopathy) + finding the fluke eggs.
A

Neorickettsia helmonthoeca

17
Q
  • Filamentous, branching, G(+) bacteria
  • Normal inhabitant of mouth and oropharynx.
  • Commonly associated with grass awn migration.
A

Actinomyces

18
Q
  • Transmitted via ticks
  • Vector: Ixodes pacificus
  • Fever, arthritis, lymphadenopathy, anorexia, and lethargy
  • Causes renal disease and/or rarely cardiac or neurologic disease
A

Borrelia burgdoferi (spirochete bacterium)

Lyme

19
Q
  • Large bipolar staining coccobacilli
  • Transmitted to cats and dogs after ingestion of rodents or via bites from the prey’s fleas
  • Dogs and cats fleas are poor vectors of Plague
  • Fever, lymphadenopathy
  • Lance the “buboes” and flush it, dispose organic material properly
A

Yersinia pestis

20
Q
  • Recent most common servers: Grippotyphosa, Pomona, Bratislava
  • In the past: Icterohemorrhagiae and canicola
  • Penetrates mucous membranes and multiply in blood stream and spread to organs
  • Anorexia, pyrexia, vomiting, dehydration, PU/PD, anuria, oliguria
  • Diagnosis: MAT (microscopic agglutination)
  • Dog maintenance host of Canicola
A

Leptospira

21
Q
  • Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
  • Dermacentor ticks
  • Anorexia, lethargy, fever, lymphadenopathy, swollen and painful joints, mild cough
A

Ricketsia rickettsii

22
Q
  • Diagnosis cytology: Spherules
  • 20-200 micrometer round, double-walled structure containing Endoscopes
  • Prolonged antifungal treatment is necessary - Fluconazole. Ketoconazole and Itraconazole are good choices.
  • Travel to west coast.
  • Lameness
  • Chest radiographs: diffuse brnchointerstitial pattern, nodular in some regions.
  • Hilar lymphadenopathy
  • Coccidioides infection cause anterior uveitis in a dog with arqueous flare
A

Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioides immites

23
Q
  • Broad-based budding yeast
  • Anorexia, weight loss, progressive exercise intolerance and dyspnea.
  • Hacking cough.
  • Fever.
  • Diffuse peripheral lymphadenopathy
  • Chest radiographs: diffuse nodular interstitial pattern in all lung fields
  • Cytology lymph node: suppuration inflammation. Broad based budding of the yeast.
  • Transtracheal wash or blonchoalveolar lavage
  • Commonly seen in Mississippi
A

Blastomycosis

Blastomyces dermatiditis

24
Q

Differentiation fungus:

A
  • Blastomyces: broad-based budding yeast
  • Cryptococcus; small yeast with large capsule
  • Aspergillus: branching fungal hypha
  • Histoplasma: small intracellular yeast
25
Q

Differentiation fungus:

A
  • Blastomyces: broad-based budding yeast
  • Cryptococcus; small yeast with large capsule
  • Aspergillus: branching fungal hypha
  • Histoplasma: small intracellular yeast
26
Q
  • Considered contagious either to other animals and human (zoonotic)
  • Specially in cats, is a high risk to veterinarians
A

Sporotrichosis

Sporothrix

27
Q
  • Ubiquitous fungus that causes infection due to host factors such as immunosucceptibility or breed predilections
A

Aspergillus

28
Q
  • Not a contagious disease
  • Infection occurs from inhalation of the yeast from environment, frequently avian habitat, as it survives ideally pigeon droppings
A

Cryptococcus

NAVLE Test Prep Topics (11 decks)

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