Small Ruminant

Question 1

What are the diameter of a mature ovulatory follicle?

Answer 1

10mm

Question 2

True/False: caruncles form after maternal recognition of pregnancy

Answer 2

false, they are born with them

Question 3

You are performing an necropsy on a sheep and notice black caruncles in the uterus, is this pathogenic

Answer 3

no, sheep can have black caruncles normally

Question 4

Which small ruminant is AI per vagina more difficult? why?

Answer 4

the ewe because she has 4-5 interdigitating annular rings

Question 5

True/False: does have 3-5 interdigitating annular rings

Answer 5

false, their annular rings do not interdigitate

Question 6

When is the average onset of puberty?

Answer 6

6-9months or at 65% of mature weight

Question 7

What is the seasonality/status of the SR esturous cycle?

Answer 7

seasonally polyestrus, short day breeders

Question 8

What is the average estrus cycle of the ewe?doe?

Answer 8

ewe: 17 days
doe: 21 days

Question 9

What is the biggest difference in behavioral estrus between the ewe and doe

Answer 9

estrus in the ewe is very subtle, the biggest sign is standing
estrus in the doe is obvious, they tail flag, vocalize, urinate frequently, and stand

Question 10

When is the average time of SR ovulation

Answer 10

12-18 hours after the start of estrus

Question 11

What 5 factors can affect ovulation

Answer 11

number of ovulations
nutrition
breed
presence of male
exogenous GnRH

Question 12

When is testicular descent in male SR?

Answer 12

at 80days of gestation

Question 13

When is the onset of male SR puberty

Answer 13

6-9mos, but can have mature sperm in the epididymis as early as 3 months
50-60% of adult weight

Question 14

When does the penis separate from the prepuse in SR?

Answer 14

5 months

Question 15

What is the earliest a buck will demonstrate libido?

Answer 15

1 month

Question 16

What is the average volume of buck ejaculate?

Answer 16

0.5-2ml

Question 17

What is the longevity of buck fresh ejaculate

Answer 17

24 hours

Question 18

Only ____ % of sperm penetrate the cervix

Answer 18

5-10

Question 19

True/False: during the non-breeding season sperm quality may be reduced

Answer 19

True

Question 20

How would you respond to a client requesting to collect and preserve their bucks semen in June

Answer 20

generally advise against since you wont have great results, would be better to wait until oct/nov

Question 21

What are 3 male dominance behaviors

Answer 21

sodomy
dominance effect
audience effect

Question 22

What is the gestation length of SR?

Answer 22

145-150 days

Question 23

True/False: twins/triplets pregnancies rarely survive

Answer 23

false, they are common

Question 24

When does an embryo enter the uterus

Answer 24

4days

Question 25

If you are ultrasounding and find an embryo in the contralateral horn from ovulation how many fetuses are you likely to have? why?

Answer 25

at least 2 because a single embryo will not migrate to the non ovulatory horn

Question 26

When is maternal recognition?

Answer 26

day 12

Question 27

When is embryo attachment?

Answer 27

day 14-18

Question 28

What type of placenta do SR have?

Answer 28

epitheliochorial cotyledonary

Question 29

Which SR is CL dependent?

Answer 29

doe

Question 30

At what point are ewe pregnancies not CL dependent? what takes over progesterone production

Answer 30

after 50 days, the uterus

Question 31

A client calls you and wants to abort her doe's pregnancy at day 65, is this possible? what if it was a ewe?

Answer 31

yes this is possible as the CL is still receptive to prostaglandin. it is not possible if it is a ewe because the uterus has taken over progesterone production so luteolysis will not affect maintenance

Question 32

When does the majority of fetal growth occur? how does this effect management of the ewe

Answer 32

85% of fetal growth occurs in the last two months of gestation. This means it is important to increase nutrition the last trimester especially calcium to support growth and prevent toxemia

Question 33

True/False: penning a ewe/doe the moment you notice signs of parturition is the best way to facilitate lambing/kidding

Answer 33

false, exercise/movement helps prevent dystocia

Question 34

Explain the parturition cascade of the ewe

Answer 34

-fetal cortisol triggers production of 17 alpha hydroxylase by cotyledons -switch from P4 to E2 production by uterus -increased estrogen stim PGF2alpha, oxytocin receptors, release of relaxin

Question 35

Stage one lasts how long in the ewe and doe

Answer 35

ewe: 2-6 hours doe: 1-10 hours

Question 36

How long does stage 2 last?

Answer 36

ewe:30 min-2 hours doe: less than an hour

Question 37

How long does stage 3 take?

Answer 37

ewe: 1-8 hours doe: within 12 hours

Question 38

When are fetal membranes considered retained?

Answer 38

>12 hours