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Repro > Small Ruminant > Flashcards

Small Ruminant Flashcards

1
Q

What are the diameter of a mature ovulatory follicle?

A

10mm

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2
Q

True/False: caruncles form after maternal recognition of pregnancy

A

false, they are born with them

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3
Q

You are performing an necropsy on a sheep and notice black caruncles in the uterus, is this pathogenic

A

no, sheep can have black caruncles normally

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4
Q

Which small ruminant is AI per vagina more difficult? why?

A

the ewe because she has 4-5 interdigitating annular rings

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5
Q

True/False: does have 3-5 interdigitating annular rings

A

false, their annular rings do not interdigitate

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6
Q

When is the average onset of puberty?

A

6-9months or at 65% of mature weight

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7
Q

What is the seasonality/status of the SR esturous cycle?

A

seasonally polyestrus, short day breeders

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8
Q

What is the average estrus cycle of the ewe?doe?

A

ewe: 17 days
doe: 21 days

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9
Q

What is the biggest difference in behavioral estrus between the ewe and doe

A

estrus in the ewe is very subtle, the biggest sign is standing
estrus in the doe is obvious, they tail flag, vocalize, urinate frequently, and stand

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10
Q

When is the average time of SR ovulation

A

12-18 hours after the start of estrus

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11
Q

What 5 factors can affect ovulation

A

number of ovulations
nutrition
breed
presence of male
exogenous GnRH

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12
Q

When is testicular descent in male SR?

A

at 80days of gestation

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13
Q

When is the onset of male SR puberty

A

6-9mos, but can have mature sperm in the epididymis as early as 3 months
50-60% of adult weight

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14
Q

When does the penis separate from the prepuse in SR?

A

5 months

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15
Q

What is the earliest a buck will demonstrate libido?

A

1 month

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16
Q

What is the average volume of buck ejaculate?

A

0.5-2ml

17
Q

What is the longevity of buck fresh ejaculate

A

24 hours

18
Q

Only ____ % of sperm penetrate the cervix

A

5-10

19
Q

True/False: during the non-breeding season sperm quality may be reduced

A

True

20
Q

How would you respond to a client requesting to collect and preserve their bucks semen in June

A

generally advise against since you wont have great results, would be better to wait until oct/nov

21
Q

What are 3 male dominance behaviors

A

sodomy
dominance effect
audience effect

22
Q

What is the gestation length of SR?

A

145-150 days

23
Q

True/False: twins/triplets pregnancies rarely survive

A

false, they are common

24
Q

When does an embryo enter the uterus

A

4days

25
Q

If you are ultrasounding and find an embryo in the contralateral horn from ovulation how many fetuses are you likely to have? why?

A

at least 2 because a single embryo will not migrate to the non ovulatory horn

26
Q

When is maternal recognition?

A

day 12

27
Q

When is embryo attachment?

A

day 14-18

28
Q

What type of placenta do SR have?

A

epitheliochorial cotyledonary

29
Q

Which SR is CL dependent?

A

doe

30
Q

At what point are ewe pregnancies not CL dependent? what takes over progesterone production

A

after 50 days, the uterus

31
Q

A client calls you and wants to abort her doe’s pregnancy at day 65, is this possible? what if it was a ewe?

A

yes this is possible as the CL is still receptive to prostaglandin. it is not possible if it is a ewe because the uterus has taken over progesterone production so luteolysis will not affect maintenance

32
Q

When does the majority of fetal growth occur? how does this effect management of the ewe

A

85% of fetal growth occurs in the last two months of gestation. This means it is important to increase nutrition the last trimester especially calcium to support growth and prevent toxemia

33
Q

True/False: penning a ewe/doe the moment you notice signs of parturition is the best way to facilitate lambing/kidding

A

false, exercise/movement helps prevent dystocia

34
Q

Explain the parturition cascade of the ewe

A

-fetal cortisol triggers production of 17 alpha hydroxylase by cotyledons
-switch from P4 to E2 production by uterus
-increased estrogen stim PGF2alpha, oxytocin receptors, release of relaxin

35
Q

Stage one lasts how long in the ewe and doe

A

ewe: 2-6 hours
doe: 1-10 hours

36
Q

How long does stage 2 last?

A

ewe:30 min-2 hours
doe: less than an hour

37
Q

How long does stage 3 take?

A

ewe: 1-8 hours
doe: within 12 hours

38
Q

When are fetal membranes considered retained?

A

> 12 hours

39
Q
A

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