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Repro > Bovine > Flashcards

Bovine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the intercornual ligament of the uterus? and which is the most clinically useful

A

retraction of the uterus from over the pelvic rim. ventral

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2
Q

What anatomic structure is important to be cognizant of when trying to place a urinary catheter or performing AI?

A

suburethral diverticulum

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3
Q

How many annular rings are there in the cervix?

A

4-5

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4
Q

true/false: there is an internal and external bifurcation of the uterus

A

true

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5
Q

When would you define puberty?

A

first behavioral estrus with ovulation

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6
Q

What are the age of puberty onset of the common breeds (female)?

A

dairy: 10-12mo
beef:11-15mo

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7
Q

What type of estrus cycle does the cow demonstrate?

A

non seasonal polyestrus

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8
Q

What is the average estrous cycle length?

A

21 days

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9
Q

What are the behaviors demonstrated by a cow in proestrus

A

increase activity, mounting
thin mucus discharge
WILL NOT STAND

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10
Q

How long does estrus last in a cow?

A

<18hrs

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11
Q

What is the defining behavior of a cow in estrus

A

standing to be mounted

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12
Q

When does ovulation typically occur?

A

24-30hr after LH surge OR 10-15 hours after end of estrus

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13
Q

What does “bleeding off” indicate?

A

a cow was recently in heat

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14
Q

What are the three ways to know when a cow was in heat?

A
  1. observed standing
  2. classic estral mucous discharged observed
  3. mestral bleeding off observed
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15
Q

What event marks the end of diestrus and when does it occur

A

luteolysis at about day 17

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16
Q

When must maternal recognition occur for it to be a viable pregnancy?

A

before luteolysis at day 17 of cycle

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17
Q

When is a bovine CL responsive to exogenous prostaglandin?

A

day 6-17

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18
Q

True/False: a cow is responsive to exogenous prostaglandin as early as day 4 in her cycle?

A

false, day 6

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19
Q

Where does fertalization occur?

A

ampulla

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20
Q

When does a zygote reach the uterus?

A

3-4 days after fertilization

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21
Q

What cause maternal recognition of pregnancy?

A

interferon tau

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22
Q

When does attachment occur?

A

day 21

23
Q

when does placentome formation begin?

A

days 30-36

24
Q

When are placentomes palpable?

A

75-90days

25
Q

True/False: CL produces progesterone throughout gestation

A

true

26
Q

when does the placenta begin producing progesterone

A

day 150

27
Q

What is the average gestation length

A

280days

28
Q

What are 5 signs of impending calving?

A

relaxation of pelvic ligaments
elevation of tail head
vulvar enlargement
undder enlargement and edema
loss of mucus plug

29
Q

What do P4, E2, and relaxin levels do as the cow approaches parturition

A

P4 decreases
E2 increases
relaxin increases

30
Q

How long does stage 1 last in cows vs heifers

A

heifers: 24 hours
cows: 2-6 hours

31
Q

True/False: it is abnormal for stage 1 of parturition in a heifer to last longer than 15 hours

A

false, can go up to 24

32
Q

How long is stage 2 in cows?

A

30min-2/4 hours

33
Q

presence of a hippomane at birth is considered abnormal and is reason for concern

A

false, it is just an accumulation of proteins/minerals/etc that have precipitated

34
Q

When is a placenta considered retained in a cow?

A

after 12 hours

35
Q

an owner calls you and is concerned that her cow that has just calved has retained membranes. it has been 10 hours and she doesnt see it anywhere. should you be concerned? why or why not

A

no. 1 because its not retained until 12 hours and 2. the placenta should be hanging from the vulva, if it is literally nowhere to be found there is a possibility the cow ate it

36
Q

When does postpartum ovulation occur in dairy cattle?

A

20-35 days postpartum. usually silent

37
Q

When does postpartum ovulation occur in beef cattle? why is it different than dairy?

A

at about day 60, this is because beef calves are raised at their mothers side so feeding/suckling inhibits the release of GnRH

38
Q

___ plays a key role in postpartum ovarian function

A

energy balance

39
Q

When should a cows uterus be back to normal size postpartum?

A

19 days

40
Q

An owner calls you to say that her postpartum cow (9 days) is having extremely bloody and foul smelling discharge. Should you be concerned?

A

Yes, if it was not foul smelling there would be no reason for concern, bt because it is foul smelling, need to go and check it out

41
Q

True/False: scrotal circumference measurement is correlated with sperm producing ability

A

true

42
Q

What defines puberty in male bovine?

A

the age when a bull can intromt and produce ejaculate with 50 million sperm with at least 10% progressive mobility

43
Q

When does puberty occur in male bovine?

A

9-10 months

44
Q

What is the normal volume of bull ejaculate

A

5-8mls

45
Q

how many days does it take for sperm to go from nothing to being able to fertilize?

A

60 days

46
Q

What is the purpose of a bull resting his head on a cows lower back?

A

courtship, testing for receptivity

47
Q

When do you start breeding a heifer? with what goal in mind

A

14-15 months to have her calve at 22-24 months

48
Q

Why is estrus detection such a problem? (5)

A

short estrus periods
some cows only have a few mounts
each mount lasts <10sec
human observation is boring and not done regularly
cows are night riders

49
Q

What is the optimal time for AI?

A

midestrus to 6hrs post standing estrus

50
Q

If you observe your cow in estrus around 7pm would it be ok to wait to breed her until the morning?

A

yes!

51
Q

What is the purpose of semen extenders?

A

it is what allows semen to be frozen and thawed

52
Q

What are three methods of pregnancy diagnosis

A
  1. 3wks post breeding: watch for return to estrus
  2. 28+ days: transrectal ultrasound
  3. 30-35 days: transrectal palpation
53
Q

what is the size of a follicle at ovulation

A

~30mm

54
Q
A

Repro (5 decks)

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