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Special species scs RUSVM > Small Mammals: Rabbit, Guinea Pig, and Rodent > Flashcards

Small Mammals: Rabbit, Guinea Pig, and Rodent Flashcards

1
Q

When are antibiotics indicated for rabbit GI stasis?

A

Long standing cases or if shocky with mucoid feces

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2
Q

What does hypothermia in a sick rabbit indicate?

A

Shock

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3
Q

If you suspect GI bloat in a guinea pig, what drugs should you be sure to administer?

A

Analgesics (Buprenorphine)

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4
Q

What is do you call a male and female rabbit?

A

Male: Buck

Female: Doe

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5
Q

What is indicated by the pink arrow?

A

Hamster scent gland

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6
Q

If you see crusts on the skin of a hamster, what are your 2 top ddx?

A

Demodex

T-cell lymphoma

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7
Q

T/F: Neutering male rabbits is recommended because they spray and mount.

A

True

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8
Q

What zoonotic protozoa causes paralysis in rabbits?

A

Encephalitozoon cuniculi

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9
Q

What is the most common neoplasia in mice?

A

Mammary adenocarcinomas

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10
Q

What are your ddx for this hamster?

A

Mycoses fungoides (epitheliotrophic lymphoma)

Demodex

Cushing’s disease

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11
Q

T/F: The guinea pig penis has 2 openings.

A

True

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12
Q

T/F: Guinea pigs cannot make vitamin C.

A

True

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13
Q

What causes rabbit urine to be chalky white? Rusty orange?

A

Chalky = Calcium

Orange= Porphyrins

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14
Q

What fracture are you trying to avoid when retraining rabbits properly by supporting the lower back?

A

L6 lumbar fractures

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15
Q

What antibiotics are good choices for rabbits?

A

Quinolones

Sulfa drugs

Chloramphenicol

Mentronidazole

Azithromycin

Penicillin (Inject only!)

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16
Q

What’s this and what is it used for in rabbits?

A

Welch-Allyn Bivalve Nasal speculum

Used to examine oral cavity - dental disease is common in rabbits

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17
Q

Overgrowth of which teeth can entrap the tongue and force the mouth open?

A

Molars (crowns)

(NOT incisors)

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18
Q

Eye trauma is common in hamsters. What is the indicated treatment?

A

Enucleation

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19
Q

What is the most common skin tumor in guinea pigs?

A

Trichoepithelioma (benign sebaceous-type skin tumor)

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20
Q

The dietary recommendation for rabbits is a diet high in ____ and low in ____.

A

Fiber (grass hay)

Carbs (timothy pellets, fruit)

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21
Q

What is the preferred site for venipuncture in rabbits?

A

Lateral saphenous

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22
Q

What is dacryocystitis?

A

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac (due to an obstructed duct)

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23
Q

T/F: Rat bite fever is a zoonotic disese caused by Streptococcus moniliformis.

A

True

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24
Q

T/F: Pododermatitis is a diet-related condition in rabbits.

A

True

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25
Q

What is the #1 cancer in rabbits?

A

Uterine adenocarcinoma

(Occurs in near 80% in some breeds, most intact females develop uterine disease)

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26
Q

Which teeth in rodents are open-rooted?

A

Incisors only

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27
Q

What are the 3 most common diseases in rats?

A

Pituitary tumors

Mammary gland tumors

Respiratory tract infection

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28
Q

What respiratory syndrome manifests as a URI with red tears?

A

Sialodacryoadentitis virus/SDA

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29
Q

What are the common respiratory tract pathogens in rats?

A

Sendai virus

Sialodacryadenitis virus (aka SDA cvirus, coronavirus)

  • Mycoplasma pulmonis* (MMP)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae*

Cilia-associated respiratory bacillus

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30
Q

T/F: Beta-lactams, cephalosporins, oral penicillins, and mycin drugs are counter-indicated in rabbits.

A

True

Selective gam-postive ABs (e.g. clindamycin, lincomycin, erythromycin) result in Clostridium overgrowth

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31
Q

What pathogen is the cause of enteropathies in many young hamsters? It can lead to diarrhea, instussisceptions and rectal prolapse.

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

32
Q

Gastric torsions have been reported in guinea pigs with bloat. Which side should you make sure the stomach is on when you take rads?

A

Left

33
Q

What animal is Cavia porcellus?

A

Guinea pig

34
Q

What cardiovascular diseases are seen in aging hamsters?

A

Hereditary cardiomyopathy (Syrian hamsters)

Atrial thrombosis

CHF

35
Q

What motility meds can be used to treat GI stasis in rabbits?

A

Metaclopramide

Cisapride

36
Q

What types of uroliths do rabbits get?

A

Calcium carbonate

37
Q

What is normal body temp for rabbits?

A

101-104F

38
Q

What is “Vent disease”?

A

Rabbit syphulus/spirochetosis/ treponematosis

  • Treponema cuniculi*
  • (note: not zoonotic, occurs in young rabbits)*
39
Q

What is this rat afflicted with? What are some possible causes?

A

Ring tail / Annular ring constriction

Possible causes: Low humidity, overly absorbent bedding, trauma

40
Q

What purpose do cecotropes serve for rabbits and when are they produced?

A

Provide B vitamins and amino acids (produced by bacteria in the cecum)

Have circadian rhythm of production, made early morning/at night (4 hours after feeding)

41
Q

T/F: Male guinea pigs are more predisposed to mammary gland tumors than females.

A

True

Note: Guinea pigs have 2 nipples in inguinal region

42
Q

How long is rabbit gestation and how long after birth before a female goes into heat?

A

Gestation: 30-33 days

Go into post-partum heat (so they can get kocked up again pretty much immediatly after birth)

43
Q

T/F: Epileptform seizures, cutaneous neoplasms and facial dermatitis are common conditions in gerbils. As is acariasis and trail trauma resulting in sloughing.

A

True

44
Q

What organism is involved in nasal dermatitis of gerbils? What does the disease induce the production of?

A

Staphylococcus

Porphyrins

45
Q

What is the most common cause of seizures in guinea pigs?

A

Sarcoptic mange (Trxacarus caviae)

46
Q

What are the extra pair of upper incisors that rabbits have called? How many of their teeth are open-rooted?

A

Peg teeth

All teeth are open-rooted

47
Q

What is a common cause of pododermatitis in guinea pigs?

A

Inactivity/ immobility

48
Q

What role does fiber play in rabbit digestion?

A

Acts as a motility modifier and stimulates cecotroph formation

49
Q

What common female guinea pig condition causes alopecia and uterine bleeding? What are some possible treatments?

A

Cystic ovaries

(75% occurence)

Tx: OVH (difficult), Leuprolide, Cystorelin

50
Q

What pathogen is involved in “Snuffles”, the URI?

A

Pasteurella multocida

51
Q

What vein do you use for venipuncture in rats?

A

Tail vein

52
Q

Which tumor in rats causes diffuse neurological signs? How is it treated?

A

Pituitary tumor

Tx: Prednisone + Cabergoline

53
Q

Why should you check the paws in a rabbit with a suspected respiratory infection?

A

Matted fur indicates nasal discharge

54
Q

What 2 options do you have for treating incisor malocclusion in rabbits?

A

Cut teeth q 6-8 weeks

Extraction

55
Q

T/F: Rabbits are rodents.

A

False, lagomorphs

56
Q

How many nasal lacrimal tear duct punctado rabbits have and where are they located?

A

One

Located medially (duct runs along top of maxillary tooth roots from eye to nose)

57
Q

How many ARBA recognized rabbit species are there?

10-20

40-50

60-80

100+

A

40-50 (specifically 48)

58
Q

What inflammatory skin condition occurs in rabbits with thymoma?

A

Sebaceous adenitis

59
Q

Why does dystocia occur in guinea pigs who are bred ofr the first time after 8 months of age?

A

Pubic symphysis closes at 8 months, if bred before then it will remain open forever

60
Q

What condition should you rule out if you suspect E. cuniculi? How is E.cunicli treated?

A

Otitis interna

E. cuniculi tx: Benzimidazoles (Fenbendazole or Albendazole), anti-inflammatories, steroids)

61
Q

Can rodents vomit?

A

No, have divided stomach

62
Q

A guinea pig presents to you with vague clinical signs and seems painful. Why is it important to do rads?

A

Could be urolithiasis, which is very common

63
Q

T/F: Adenocarcinomas are the most common mammary gladn tumors in rats.

A

False, fibroadenomas are most common

64
Q

What side effect does the use of selective gram-positive meds have in rabbits?

A

Bacterial dysbiosis in the gut

(Leads to diarrhea, inappetance, endotoxemia)

65
Q

What indicator can you use to determine whether a rabbit is in pain?

A

Inappetence

66
Q

What is the treatment protocol for rabbits with dental abscesses?

A

Long term parenteral penicillin (must use anaerobic drug)

67
Q

What are 2 common enteric pathogens in rabbits?

A
  • E.coli*
  • Clostridium spiroforme*
68
Q

T/F: The rabbit stomach is non-distensible and they are unable to vomit.

A

True

69
Q

Are all teeth in rabbits open-rooted?

A

Yes, front and back

70
Q

Why should diazepam not be administered IV via the ear vein in rabbits?

A

Causes marginal ear vein sloughing

71
Q

The diet recommendation for guinea pigs is a diet high in ____ with no____ and __-___mg of vitamin C per day.

A

Fiber

Grain

25-50

72
Q

Which antibiotics are counterindicated in guinea pigs?

A

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

73
Q

What organism causes dermatophytosis in guinea pigs? Is it pruiritic?

A

Trichophyton spp.

No

74
Q

A rabbit may be sedated for removal of pasted cecals. What drug is preferred and why?

A

Midazolam (IM)

Can be reversed with flumazinel

75
Q

What cause of hamster enteropathy is zoonotic?

A

Hymenolepis nana

(Zoonosis is reason why all pet hamsterns need fecals)

76
Q

True diarrhea in rabbits in a medical emergency. What organism is commonly responsible especially in young rabbits?

A

Eimeria

Special species scs RUSVM (5 decks)

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