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SFIV Test 1 > Small Intestines and Pancreatic Secretions > Flashcards

Small Intestines and Pancreatic Secretions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the folds of Kerckring?

A

Longitudinal fold on the surface

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2
Q

What are villi?

A

Projections from folds, lines entire mucosal surface

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3
Q

What are microvilli?

A

Protrude from the surface of intestinal cells

Makes up the brush border

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4
Q

What are crypts?

A

Project down into the surface at the base of each villus

3 crypts/villus

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5
Q

What are enterocytes?

A

Columnar epithelial cell sin the villus

Function in digestion, absorption, and secretion

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6
Q

What are goblet cells?

A

Interspersed with enterocytes in villus

Secrete mucus

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7
Q

What are crypt cells?

A

Proliferative cells in the intestine for both enterocytes and goblet cells

Secretes fluid and electrolytes

Found in crypts at base of villus

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8
Q

What are the functions of small intestine motility?

A

Mix chyme with digestive juices and bile

Further reduce size of chyme particles

Bring chyme into contact with absorptive surface

Propel chyme

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9
Q

What are the three types of contractions?

A

Segmentation

Peristaltic

Migrating myoelectric complex

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10
Q

What is segmentation contractions?

A

Most common type of intestinal contractions

Circular smooth muscle of isolated segment contracts, propelling chyme in both directions

Effect is mixing chyme

Higher frequency in the proximal duodenum propels chyme towards colon

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11
Q

What are peristaltic contractions?

A

Serve to propel chyme down small intestine

Occur only over short distances

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12
Q

What are the migrating myoelectric complex of the small intestine?

A

Similar to stomach, occurs about every 90 minutes

Clears remaining chyme in small intestine

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13
Q

What is the peristaltic reflex/rush?

A

Contraction that moves intestinal contents along small intestine

Initiated by chyme in intestine that causes distension or mucosa irritation

Also caused by severe cases of infectious diarrhea

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14
Q

What is the intestinointestinal reflex?

A

Overdistension of one segment of intestine inhibits contractile activity in rest of intestine

Prevents movement of material into already severely distended section of bowel

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15
Q

What is the gastrocolic reflex?

A

Urge to defecate shortly after starting meal

Presence of food in stomach triggers increased colonic motility

Eventually leads to evacuation of colon to make way for remains of next meal

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16
Q

What is ileus?

A

Loss of or reduction in contractile activity of intestines in absence of obstruction

Results from irritation of the peritoneum

Caused by surgery, acute or systemic illness, electrolyte imbalance

17
Q

What are acinar cells?

A

Pancreatic cells that produce peptidases, lipases, and amylases

18
Q

What are centroacinar and duct cells?

A

Secrete pancreatic juice that contain high concentrations of HCO3

Brings duodenal contents within pH range necessary for optimal enzymatic digestion of nutrients

19
Q

Describe the aqueous component of pancreatic secretion

A

Isotonic with plasma at all secretion rates

High rate - primarily Na and HCO3

Low rate - primarily Na and Cl

20
Q

Describe the enzymatic component of pancreatic secretion

A

Lipase and amylase secreted ina ctive forms

Proteases secretes as inactive precursors

Trypsin inhibitor secrete to protect pancreas from autodigestion

21
Q

How are the cephalic and gastric phases of pancreatic secretion regulated?

A

ACh acts on acinar and ductile cells

Distention of stomach initiates Vagovagal reflex

CCK-releasing peptide and monitor peptide act on I cells

22
Q

How is the intestinal phase regulated?

A

Stimulated by acid and fat/protein digestion products in duodenum

Acid releases secretin from S cells in the duodenum, acts on ductule cells to increase HCO3 secretion

23
Q

What is the role of CCK in pancreatic secretion?

A

Released from I cells in duodenum in response to fat/protein digestion products and CCK-RP and monitor peptide

Acts on acinar cells to increase enzyme secretion

24
Q

What is the role of the vagovagal reflex in pancreatic secretion?

A

Initiated by acid and fat/protein digestion products

Stimulates enzyme secretion

25
Q

How do CCK and ACh affect ductal cell secretion?

A

Potentiate action of secretin

Small amounts in the presence of CCK/ACh produce large amounts of pancreatic HCO3

26
Q

Describe acute pancreatitis

A

Severe abdominal pain, tenderness, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea fever

Activated enzymes digest pancreatic tissue

Elevated serum amylase and lipase levels

27
Q

Describe chronic pancreatitis

A

Due mostly to repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis

Similar symptoms to acute

Reduced secretion of water and bicarb leads to high protein concentration in pancreatic juice

28
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

Defect in Cl- channels

Reduces secretion of both aqueous and enzymatic components

Leads to malabsorption and steatorrhea

SFIV Test 1 (16 decks)

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