Abdominal Viscera Flashcards
Where does the esophagus pass through the esophageal hiatus?
T10
What are the features of the stomach?
Cardia - where esophagus meets the stomach
Fundus - Superior to esophageal juncture, usually filled with air
Body - major part
Pylorus - distal end, divided into regions
What are the Rugae?
Longitudinal ridges on the inner surface; raised folds of mucosa that allow for stomach expansion
What is the duodenum?
First and shortest part of the small intestine; curves around head of pancreas in C shape
What is the hepatopancreatic ampulla?
Common bile duct and main pancreatic ducts join to enter the duodenum
What is the major duodenal papilla?
Small nipple-like protrusion on the internal surface of the duodenum where the hepatopancreatic ampulla enters
Marks the junction between the fore- and midgut
What is the hepatopancreatic sphincter?
Circular smooth muscle that surrounds the ampulla, controlling bile and pancreatic secretions
What is the suspensory muscle of the duodenum?
Secures the ascending part of the duodenum to the diaphragm
What are the teniae coli?
Three longitudinal muscle bands formed by its outer muscular coat
What are haustra?
Sacculations of colon produced by the teniae, which ar slightly shorter than the gut
What are plicae semilunares?
Infoldings of intestinal wall between the haustra
What are appendices epiploicae?
Peritoneum-covered pouches of fat, attached in rows along the teniae
What is the main pancreatic duct?
Runs tail to head; joins the bile duct to form hepatopancreatic ampulla before entering the second part of the duodenum
What is the accessory pancreatic duct?
Drains small part of the head; often communicates with mian pancreatic duct; opens into minor duodenal papilla
What are the four lobes of the liver?
Left
Right - largest, gives rise to next two
Caudate
Quadrate
What is the porta hepatis?
Transverse fissure between quadrate and caudate lobes that transmits vessels and nerves
What is the portal triad?
Bile duct
Hepatic Artery
Portal Vein
What is the hepatoduodenal ligament?
Fold of peritoneum connecting the duodenum and liver in the edge of the lesser omentum
Contains the portal triad
What is the cystohepatic triangle?
Surgical landmark formed by the inferior visceral surface of the liver, cystic duct and common hepatic duct
What is a hiatal hernia?
Occurs when the cardia and/or fundus of the stomach protrudes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
What is an Ileal diverticulum?
Congenital abnormality of the small intestine
Finger-like pouch from the ileocecal junction
What is a volvulus?
Abnormal twisting of the intestines, can cause blockage and interruption of blood supply
What is situs inversus?
Left to right inversion of the body’s organs
What are gallstones?
Calcifications formed int he gall bladder or bile passages
Primarily consist of cholesterol and bile pigment
What is obstructive jaundice?
Caused by blockage of bilde ducts from gallstones, tumors, and/or compression of the pancreas
