Abdominal Viscera

Question 1

Where does the esophagus pass through the esophageal hiatus?

Answer 1

T10

Question 2

What are the features of the stomach?

Answer 2

Cardia - where esophagus meets the stomach

Fundus - Superior to esophageal juncture, usually filled with air

Body - major part

Pylorus - distal end, divided into regions

Question 3

What are the Rugae?

Answer 3

Longitudinal ridges on the inner surface; raised folds of mucosa that allow for stomach expansion

Question 4

What is the duodenum?

Answer 4

First and shortest part of the small intestine; curves around head of pancreas in C shape

Question 5

What is the hepatopancreatic ampulla?

Answer 5

Common bile duct and main pancreatic ducts join to enter the duodenum

Question 6

What is the major duodenal papilla?

Answer 6

Small nipple-like protrusion on the internal surface of the duodenum where the hepatopancreatic ampulla enters

Marks the junction between the fore- and midgut

Question 7

What is the hepatopancreatic sphincter?

Answer 7

Circular smooth muscle that surrounds the ampulla, controlling bile and pancreatic secretions

Question 8

What is the suspensory muscle of the duodenum?

Answer 8

Secures the ascending part of the duodenum to the diaphragm

Question 9

What are the teniae coli?

Answer 9

Three longitudinal muscle bands formed by its outer muscular coat

Question 10

What are haustra?

Answer 10

Sacculations of colon produced by the teniae, which ar slightly shorter than the gut

Question 11

What are plicae semilunares?

Answer 11

Infoldings of intestinal wall between the haustra

Question 12

What are appendices epiploicae?

Answer 12

Peritoneum-covered pouches of fat, attached in rows along the teniae

Question 13

What is the main pancreatic duct?

Answer 13

Runs tail to head; joins the bile duct to form hepatopancreatic ampulla before entering the second part of the duodenum

Question 14

What is the accessory pancreatic duct?

Answer 14

Drains small part of the head; often communicates with mian pancreatic duct; opens into minor duodenal papilla

Question 15

What are the four lobes of the liver?

Answer 15

Left

Right - largest, gives rise to next two

Caudate

Quadrate

Question 16

What is the porta hepatis?

Answer 16

Transverse fissure between quadrate and caudate lobes that transmits vessels and nerves

Question 17

What is the portal triad?

Answer 17

Bile duct

Hepatic Artery

Portal Vein

Question 18

What is the hepatoduodenal ligament?

Answer 18

Fold of peritoneum connecting the duodenum and liver in the edge of the lesser omentum

Contains the portal triad

Question 19

What is the cystohepatic triangle?

Answer 19

Surgical landmark formed by the inferior visceral surface of the liver, cystic duct and common hepatic duct

Question 20

What is a hiatal hernia?

Answer 20

Occurs when the cardia and/or fundus of the stomach protrudes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

Question 21

What is an Ileal diverticulum?

Answer 21

Congenital abnormality of the small intestine

Finger-like pouch from the ileocecal junction

Question 22

What is a volvulus?

Answer 22

Abnormal twisting of the intestines, can cause blockage and interruption of blood supply

Question 23

What is situs inversus?

Answer 23

Left to right inversion of the body’s organs

Question 24

What are gallstones?

Answer 24

Calcifications formed int he gall bladder or bile passages

Primarily consist of cholesterol and bile pigment

Question 25

What is obstructive jaundice?

Answer 25

Caused by blockage of bilde ducts from gallstones, tumors, and/or compression of the pancreas