Small intestine and colon pathology

Question 1

hamartomatous (non neoplastic) intestinal polyps

causes

Answer 1

Peutz-Jeghers, juvenile polyps (aka retention polyp)

Question 2

some of the crohn’s and UC stuff is in FA in brainscape: AAW - GI

Answer 2

check em - REMEMBER, IF IT’S BOARDS RELEVANT THAN I PUT IN IN THERE, NOT HERE

Question 3

kid with polyps in colon near rectum

are they at risk for cancer?

Answer 3

juvenile polyps (aka mucus retention polyp)

sporadic (singular) juvenile polyps have NO increased risk of malignancy

patients with juvenile polyposis syndrome ARE at increased risk for GI tract adenocarcinomas (30-50% of them get adenocarcinoma by age 45)

Question 4

mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation

polyps in the small bowel, maybe colon and stomach

Answer 4

peutz-jeghers

Question 5

in peutz-jaghers syndrome, can GI adenocarcinomas develop in the mucosa, independently of polyps?

Answer 5

yea

Question 6

arborizing smooth muscle pattern and pedunculated polyp

Answer 6

peutz-jaghers syndrome

Question 7

GI bleed, intussuception in a kid - what type of polyps

Answer 7

peutz-jeghers polyps

Question 8

where most commonly does an adenoma occur in the small bowel

Answer 8

the ampula

Question 9

nelson called this a “hyperplastic polyp” in the ’90s, but now he calls it a ______

what do you see in the cryps that is abnormal from the hyperplastic polyp

Answer 9

sessile serrated polyp

see crypt dilatation, horizontally shaped crypts, particularly evident at the base of the mucosa (looks like an erlenmeyer flask

Question 10

how do changes to the APC genes cause FAP

Answer 10

usually inherit the first mutation (70-80%), acquire second mutation

it is a protooncogene

autosomal dominant, 100% of people get colon cancer

Question 11

accumulation of microsatellite DNA

Answer 11

lynch syndrome (HNPCC)

Question 12

everyone in the family has colon cancer and endometrial cancer. even the men. yes, the men.

Answer 12

lynch syndrome

mismatch repair problem

Question 13

what is more likely to get obstructed - right or left colon

Answer 13

left

Question 14

numerous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, large vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, moderate amount of amphophilic cytoplasm

right sided

what type of tumor

Answer 14

medullary carcinoma, assc with lynch

Question 15

metastatic colorectal carcinoma mets go where

Answer 15

liver

Question 16

iron deficiency anemia in otherwise healthy adult is what

Answer 16

gastric tract carcinoma until proven otherwise

Question 17

person has a KRAS mutation, is giving one of the monoclonal antibodies going to help their colon cancer?

Answer 17

No, antibodies only work if the KRAS receptor is wild type

Question 18

most common location for neuroendocrine tumors of the GI tract

Answer 18

ileum (and jejunum)

Question 19

neuroendocrine tumors are ass with this gastrin producing syndrome

Answer 19

zollinger-ellison

Question 20

what type of lymphoma is associated with celiac sprue

Answer 20

enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma

Question 21

well defined nests and salt and pepper chromatin seen in the appendix

Answer 21

neuroendocrine tumor

he said this is the only type of neuroendocrine tumor that he will call a carcinoid tumor

Question 22

a tumor in the appendix with a cyst and bunch of mucous that is confined to the mucosa

name for it?

Answer 22

mucinous cystadenoma as long as there is no invasion

Question 23

pseudomyxoma peritoni

Answer 23

gross term for pools of mucin, can exist in now-grade and high grade neoplasms

Question 24

CIN I, II, III
AIN I, II, III

what are they

Answer 24

cervical/anal intraepithelial neoplasia - mild, moderate, severe

all assc with HPV

Question 25

papillary formations and acanthosis of the epithelium

what is it

Answer 25

condyloma acuminatum - genital wart