SMALL INTESTINE AND COLON INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) Flashcards
what are the two different diseases?
Ulcerative colitis (UC) Crohn's disease (CD)
what is the main cause of IBD?
Genetic and environmental factors
what is the genetic factors that causes IBD?
First‐degree relatives of IBD patients are 3‐20x more likely to have IBD than general population.
what are the environmental factors involved in IBD?
- Common in “western” industrialised nations
- Smoking increases risk of Crohn’s disease
- Smoking protective for UC
what is the pathophysiology of IBD?
- Not fully understood
- Disruption of the integrity of epithelial barrier of the colon
- Dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune system leading to abnormal immune responses and triggering of inflammation
- Certain microbes in the gut may be pathogenic and initiate IBD
Differentiate CD and UC.
Crohn’s disease - occurs any part of the GIT, it is a discontinuous inflammation, transmural involvement, and is made worse by smoking.
UC - occurs in the colon only, it is a continuous inflammation starting at the rectum. It is mucosal involvement only and smoking is protective.
what are the symptoms in IBD?
- Diarrhoea
- Bleeding in stools — differential diagnosis of IBS and IBD**
- Abdominal pain
- Diagnosis of IBD and differentiation between Crohn’sand UC require colonoscopy.
what are the manisfestation of Crohn’s disease?
Crohn’s can be associated with (involvement of the muscle layers you can get scarring:
- Stricturing
- Fistulising
- Perianal disease
- These do not occur in UC
what is stricturing?
- an abnormal narrowing of a bodily passage that causes the bowel from opening.
what are the symptoms of stricturing?
- Abdominal pain and distension
- Vomiting
what are Fistulising disease associated with CD?
an abnormal connection/tract between the gut and another organ/vessel. For example bowel to skin, or bowel to bowel.
what is perianal associated with CD?
narrowing in the bowel — you can pain because the sretch. you can get vomitting because there is no way out.
