SMALL GROUP STUFF we didn't learn in lecture Flashcards
What is a Berry Aneurysm?
More frequent cause of Sub-Arachnoid hemorrhage (other causes include AV malformation for example)
Berry Aneurysm = thin walled saccular outpouching that lack media layer and are at increased risk for rupture
- Anterior Circle of Willis branch points and anterior communicating artery most common
Most common cause of death in people with CNS Motor Disorders?
Pneumonia!!! Dysphagia and inability to swallow leads to increased risk of aspiration and aspiration pneumonia
What is a Da Blocker used for Chorea?
Tetrabenazine - suppresses ONLY Chorea and not other symptoms
What things other than HD can cause chorea?
Stroke - acute hemochorea/ballismus esp if in Subthalamic Nucles Hyperglycemia or metabolic disorders
What is the motor problem in Asterixis?
Liver Flap Sign or sign of Encephalopathy from toxins, infections, or metabolic *NEGATIVE Myoclonus - sudden cessation of muscle activity can’t keep limbs up or muscle activation disappears
What’s the difference in White Matter plaques between PML and MS?
PML - moth eaten white matter thats yellow from lipid-laden macrophages coming in to clean up burst OLIGODENDROCYTES
MS - plaques are around ventricles, well circumscribed and gray
What is Cerebral Pontine Myelinolysis? Who gets it?
Disease of people w/ chronic Hyponatremia (esp in chronic alcoholics with low albumin and osmolyte disturbances anyways)
Present with progressive tetraplegia - Locked In syndrome
Oligodendrocyte myelinolysis in Pons (where all axons from brain have to exit)
What is the presentation of Neurosyphilis in the SC?
Tabes Dorsalis *LOSS OF MYELIN AND AXONS IN DORSAL COLUMNS leading to impairment in proprioception and sensation
Compare Spinal Lesions of ALS, Tabes Dorsalis, and B12 deficiency
ALS - deterioration of Lateral Columns
Tabes - Deterioration of DORSAL columns
B12- Deterioration of BOTH Lateral and Dorsal columns
What lobe does HSV1 like?
TEMPORAL LOBE hemorrhagic encephalitis
What is pathognomonic for HIV1 encephalitis?
Microglial nodule
What disease in vades the Virchow Robbin spaces and what the heck are those anyways?
Cryptococcus Meningitis! Invades the perivascular subpial spaces leading to expansion of the spaces and “bubbly” appearance grossly
DIFFERENTIAL FOR FOCAL NECROTIC MASSES IN AIDS PTS:
1) Toxoplasmosis – treat and if that doesn’t work then its…
2) Lymphoma
What is the presentation for Sub-Arachnoid Hemorrhage?
Sudden - Thunderclap HA + nuchal rigidity
Lumbar puncture shows Xanthochromia - yellowish stuff from Bilirubin breakdown
What disease process can look like B12 defiiciency? What does that look like?
HIV Vacuolar Myopathy! Can look like B12 deficiency with combined degeneration of the dorsal and lateral tracts
