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Y2 Diverse Species > Small Furries > Flashcards

Small Furries Flashcards

1
Q

‘Small furries’ come under which order in taxonomy? What is the characteristic of this order?

A

Rodentia

- Constantly growing incisor teeth

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2
Q

What is the smallest and largest species in the Rodentia order?

A 
Smallest = Pygmy jerboa
Largest = Capybara
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3
Q

Give 3 examples of Myomorpha

A

Rat
Mouse
Gerbil
Hamster

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4
Q

Give 3 examples of Hystrictomorpha

A

Guinea pig
Chinchilla
Degu

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5
Q

Compare the dental formulas of myomorpha and hystricomorpha

A 
Myo = I 1/1, C 0/0, PM 0/0, M 3/3 = 16 total
Hyst = I 1/1, C 0/0, PM 1/1, M 3/3 = 20 total
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6
Q

Describe the incisors of Rodentia

A

Open rooted, constantly growing (aradacular, elodont)

Lower to upper length ratio is 3:1

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7
Q

Give definitions for the following terms:

  • Aradacular
  • Elodont
  • Anelodont
A 
Aradacular = open rooted
Elodont = continually growing 
Anelodont = Grow for a short period of time and then stop
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8
Q

How does an incisor chisel shape form?

A

Hard enamel on rostral side.

Softer dentine wears more quickly resulting in chisel shape

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9
Q

Compare molar growth in myomorpha and hystricomorpha

A 
Myo = Anelodont - grow for a short period of time and then cease erupting
Hyst = Elodont - continue to erupt throughout the life of the animal
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10
Q

Describe the stomach of Rodentia

A

Monogastric

Glandular part of the stomach separated from forestomach by a ridge

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11
Q

Why can rodents not vomit?

A
  • Prevented by stomach ridge
  • Very strong oesophageal sphincter
  • Crural sling that holds the stomach in the diaphragm is also strong
  • Diaphragmatic muscles are too ‘weak’ to support emesis
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12
Q

Why do rodents not need to be starved before surgery?

A

High metabolic rate and fast gut transit time

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13
Q

How are rodents adapted for sufficient breathing?

A

Obligate nasal breathers

  • Larynx is high in oropharynx
  • Epiglottis is long so there is a passage straight from the nasal cavity to the trachea
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14
Q

Describe the lobulation of a rodents lungs

A

Left lung = single lobe

Right lung = Four lobes: cranial, middle, caudal, intermediate

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15
Q

Which species has a different lung anatomy, describe how it is different

A

Hamsters have an additional right lobe called the caudal accessory lobe

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16
Q

How is respiration optimised to make up for lung size?

A
  • short airways and increased respiratory rates
  • more alveoli of thinner diameter to increase SA
  • High chest wall compliance = increased vital capacity
17
Q

Describe the oxygen binding curve for rodentia

A

Shifted to the right in small animals
Harder to pick up oxygen
Haemoglobin releases oxygen readily at tissues
Helps meets the increased demand for oxygen by the tissues

18
Q

What are some thermoregulation mechanisms?

A
  • Shivering
  • Nests, living underground, huddling
  • Peripheral vasoconstriction e.g. tails, paws, ears
  • Brown fat behind scapula and around neck
19
Q

What are some mechanisms for heat loss?

A
  • High surface area to volume ratio
  • Minimal sweat glands (on feet only)
  • Evaporation of groomed salvia on body
  • Arteriovenous shunts in tail, ears and feet
20
Q

A high surface area to body weight makes them susceptible to…?

A
  • Dehydration
  • Hypothermia
  • Hypoglycemia
21
Q

Compare the reproductive strategies of myomorpha vs hystricomorpha

A 
Myo = altricial, large litter size, short gestation
Hyst = precocial, small litter size, long gestation
22
Q

Match the species with the following gestation lengths:

  1. 59-72 days
  2. 15-18 days
  3. 19-21 days
A 
1 = guinea pig
2 = hamster
3 = mice
23
Q

What is the oestrus cycle length for mice, rats amd hamsters?

A

4-5 days

24
Q

Which Rodentia species reaches sexual maturity first?

A

Guinea pigs (4-6 wo)

25
Q

A duplex uterus is seen in all Rodentia species except which one?

A

Guinea pigs have a bicornuate uterus

26
Q

Which accessory sex glands do male rodents possess?

A
  • Seminal vesicles
  • Prostate
  • Coagulating gland
  • Bulbourethral gland
  • Preputial gland
27
Q

How would you sex a rodent?

A

Ano-genital distance: longer in males than females

28
Q

In which species do only females have nipples which can also be used for sexing?

A

Mice and rats

29
Q

What is often found following mating in rodents, what is the purpose of it?

A

Copulatory plug - congealed sperm, mucus and accessory ejeculatory fluids
Thought to seal vagina and make mating more successful

30
Q

During the reproductive cycle, during which 2 stages are leucocytes found in a smear?

A

Metoestrus (highest)

Dioestrus

31
Q

What gives rats naturally yellow incisors?

A

Iron pigment

32
Q

What are the 3 venupuncture sites in a rat?

A

Lateral tail vein
Lateral saphenous
Ventral tail artery

33
Q

What are the vitamin C requirements in 1. a normal guinea pig, 2. a pregnant female

A
  1. 10mg/kg/day

2. 30mg/kg/day

Y2 Diverse Species (12 decks)

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