Small Bowel

Question 1

Aetiology small bowel obstruction

Answer 1

Extraluminal - adhesions, hernia, malignancy, intra abdominal abscess
Intramural - congenital, inflammatory, neoplastic, stricture, intussusception
Intraluminal - gallstones, foreign body, bezoar, enterolith

Question 2

Spigelman Classification Duodenal Adenomatosis

Answer 2

Number of polyps: 1-4, 5-20, 21+
Polyp size: 1-4, 5-10, 11+
Histology: tubular, tubovillous, villa us
Degree of dysplasia: mild, moderated, severe

Stage 0: 0 - 5 yearly 
Stage I: 1-4 - 5 yearly 
Stage II: 5-6 - 3 yearly 
Stage III: 7-8 - 1 yearly 
Stage IV: 9-12 - surgery

Question 3

Four mechanisms of mesenteric ischaemia

Answer 3

1) SMA embolic ischaemia - 50%
2) mesenteric thrombus - 20%
3) non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia - 20%
4) mesenteric venous thrombosis - 10%