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SMALL BODIES Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

small planetary bodies

A

comets, asteroids and meteoroids

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2
Q

small ban of ice, rock and dust that flies through space

A

Comets

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3
Q

Long haired

A

kometes

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4
Q

named dirty snowballs because

A

because of their composition

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5
Q

originate from the cold outer solar system, basically the left over pieces of our solar system

A

comets

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6
Q

T or F

When a comet gets close to the sun, the heat melts some of the ice in the comet and forms a long tail

A

T

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7
Q

made out of the nucleus, coma, dust tail and ion tail

A

Comet

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8
Q

made of electrically charge particles that are blown directly away from the sun by the solar wind

A

ion tail

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9
Q

T or F

nucleus is present even when the comet is not near the sun

A

T

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10
Q

T or F

As the comet goes near the sun, its tail becomes shorter and its coma becomes duller

A

F- longer; brighter

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11
Q

All comets orbits are _______ or stretched narrow circles

A

ellipses

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12
Q

T or F

Comets sometimes cross the orbits of several planets on their trip around their sun

A

T

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13
Q

A comet’s tail always points _______ from the sun - because the _________ is blowing it away

A

away; solar wind

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14
Q

categorized by length of 1 orbit around the sun

A

comet

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15
Q

usually take over 200 years to orbit the sun

A

long-period comets

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16
Q

usually make it around in less than 200

A

short-period comets

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17
Q

orbits the sun once every 76 years (short period comet)

A

Halley’s comet

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18
Q

period of 75,000 years (long period comet)

A

Comet Kohoutek

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19
Q

huge spherical region that surrounds the entire solar system

A

Oort cloud

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20
Q

holds millions of small pieces of ice and rock that slowly orbit the sun

A

oort cloud

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21
Q

space debris that orbit around the sun made of rock and metal

A

asteroids

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22
Q

star-like

A

asteroids

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23
Q

range in size from a few meters to not more than 900 km in diameter- too small to be a planet

A

asteroid

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24
Q

T or F

Most asteroids are located in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter

A

T

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25
Q

T or F

Some asteroids that orbit planets are considered moons

A

T

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26
Q

broad zone between Mars and Jupiter where most asteroids are located

A

Asteroid belt

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27
Q

areas almost free of asteroids

A

kirkwood gaps

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28
Q

T or F
Like other small bodies in the solar system, they are remnants of rocky planetesimals that were prevented by jupiter’s gravity from forming into a planet at that locatiom

A

T

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29
Q

irregular shapes although some of the larger ones are spherical

A

Asteroids

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30
Q

made up mostly of carbon

A

Chondrite

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31
Q

made up of silicate

A

Stony

32
Q

made up of iron and nickel

A

Metallic

33
Q

asteroids which have orbits that reside entirely between earth and mars

A

Amor

34
Q

Asteroids whose orbits cross earth’s orbit and spend most of their time outside earth’s orbit

A

Apollo

35
Q

Asteroids whose orbits also cross Earth’s orbit but unlike apollos they spend most of their time inside earth orbit

A

Atens

36
Q

captured by a planetary orbit

A

Trojan

37
Q

T or F

Asteroids orbits are elliptical

A

T

38
Q

T or F

Asteroids are found in the inner part of the solar system near terrestrial planets

A

T

39
Q

a small rocky object that orbits around the sun

A

meteoroid

40
Q

similar to asteroid but are much smaller

A

meteoroids

41
Q

T or F

most meteoroids are probably chunks of asteroid or comets that have broken off

A

T

42
Q

a solid body made of ice rock and dust and frozen gases

as they fracture and disintegrate these leave a trail of solid debris

A

comets

43
Q

small rocky iron or icy debris falling in space

A

asteroid

44
Q

small asteroid

A

meteoroid

45
Q

an annual event when earth passes through a region having great concentration of debris such as particles left by a comet. from earth it looks like meteors radiate from the same point in the night sky

A

meteor shower

46
Q

light emitted from a meteoroid or an asteroid as it enters the atmosphere

A

meteor

47
Q

meteor brighter than the planet venus

A

fireball

48
Q

light emitted by a large meteoroid or an asteroid as it explodes in the atmosphere

A

bolide

49
Q

fragment of a meteoroid or an asteroid that survives passage through the atmosphere and hits the ground

A

meteorite

50
Q

meteoroid that travels through the atmosphere

A

meteor

51
Q

travels through the atmosphere it heats up to more than 2000 C

A

meteor

52
Q

the intense heat vaporizes the meteor creating a streak of light called a _________

A

shooting star

53
Q

brief glow behind the meteor head

A

wake

54
Q

persistent metallic atom (Na, Fe, Mg) emission glow in the path of bright fireballs. it lasts a few seconds

A

Afterglow

55
Q

as earth orbits the sun, it passes through the debris causing a __________ as the small bits of dust burn up in the atmosphere

A

meteor shower

56
Q

named through constellations near them

A

meteor shower

57
Q

when a comet comes near the sun , a trail of dust and debris burns off and remains in orbit around the sun

A

meteor showers

58
Q

T or F

we can predict meteor showers because we know when the earth passes through a comet’s path

A

T

59
Q

a meteor is big enough to make it through the atmosphere and strikes the earth’s surface is called _________

A

meteorite

60
Q

fragments from collisions involving asteroids

A

meteorite

61
Q

cause little damage

A

most meteorites

62
Q

in space (outside the earth)
small space rock that orbits the sun
made of rocks and metals

A

Meteoroid

63
Q

on the earth’s atmosphere
streak of light (shooting star)
light forms because of heat (friction)

A

Meteor

64
Q

on the surface of the earth/ground
small rock from space
made of metals and rocks

A

Meteorite

65
Q

found in the oort cloud or kuiper belt

A

comets

66
Q

found in the asteroid belt

A

asteroids

67
Q

tails are shaped by sunlight

A

comets

68
Q

irregularly shaped

A

asteroids

69
Q

nucleus solid inside, coma, ion tail, dust tail

A

comets

70
Q

Atens: inside earth’s orbit
Amor: between mars and earth
Apollo: outside earth’s orbit
Trojan: captured by planet/ moon

A

asteroid

71
Q

short period: less than 200 years to orbit the sun

long period: more than 200 years

A

comets

72
Q

C-asteroid: carbon
S-asteroid: silicate
M-asteroid: mainly Fe and Ni

A

Asteroid

73
Q

ice, dust and gas (nucleus: rocks, metals)

A

comets

74
Q

rocks and metals

A

asteroids

75
Q

collision with the earth

A

comet

76
Q

collision with the earth

A

asteroid

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