small animal - tranquilizers

Question 1

what are 3 tranquilizers used in SA?

Answer 1

1. acepromazine
2. diazepam
3. midazolam

Question 2

what is the dose of Acepromazine (IM, SQ, IV)

Answer 2

0.01-0.05 mg/kg

Question 3

what is the dose of diazepam ( IV)

Answer 3

0.1 - 0.5 mg/kg

Question 4

what is the dose of midazolam (IM, SQ, IV)

Answer 4

0.1 - 0.5 mg/kg

Question 5

If acepromazine is used

in conjunction with an opioid, the maximum total dose is usually decreased to _______.

Answer 5

1mg

Question 6

We rarely give a total dose of more than _____ mg of acepromazine to any dog

Answer 6

2mg

Question 7

advantages of acepromazine - 5

Answer 7

1. best drug for reducing anxiety
2. long lasting effects (~8hr)
3. dose dependent effects
4. reduces incidence of catecholamine induced arrhythmias
5. associated with decreased risk of perianesthetic mortality in dogs and horses.

Question 8

disadvantages of acepromazine - 9

Answer 8

1. NO analgesia
2. dose-dependent HYPOtension
3. brain Dz pts - lowers seizure threshold
4. pt hypothermia
5. occasionally unmask aggression
6. associated with decreased platelet aggregation
7. reduces
   hematocrit 4 – 5 %
8. NOT reversible
9. do NOT give to Boxers - “collapsing” or “fainting” after administration

Question 9

advantages of diazepam - 5

Answer 9

1. used most frequently to potentiate the effects of other anesthetic
   drugs
2. highly protein bound = induces muscle relaxation
3. Tx acute seizure activity
4. decreases cerebral oxygen consumption & cerebral blood flow = benefit in patients with suspected increased ICP
5. reversal = flumazenil

Question 10

reversal of diazepam, midazolam

Answer 10

flumazenil

Question 11

disadvantages of diazepam - 4

Answer 11

1. does not produce sedation
2. may induce excitement
3. pain on IM injection
4. IM and SQ absorption is unreliable

Question 12

advantages of midazolam - 6

Answer 12

1. a central-acting muscle relaxant similar to diazepam
2. water-soluble - minimize irritation at the injection site when given IM or SQ, provide enhanced compatibility with other intravenous solutions
3. 3x more potent than diazepam
4. almost NO CV depression
5. BIRDS - excellent muscle relax and sed
6. reverse = flumazenil

Question 13

disadvantages of midazolam

Answer 13

1. does not produce sedation (unless sick or depressed pts)

2. agitation/irritability in calm dogs/cats when given alone