Small animal repro disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cause of metritis?

A

normal uterine activity suppressed, estrus happens, and chanced of bacteria entering into the uterus increases

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2
Q

what will occur if metritis is not treated or controlled?

A

become pyometra

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3
Q

what are the clinical signs of metritis?

A

lethargy, PU/PD, vomiting, inappetence, fever, tachycardia/tachypnea, vaginal discharge, hungry puppies/kittens, extended abdomen

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4
Q

how do we diagnose metritis?

A

elevated WBC, proteinuria, hematuria, bacteria

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5
Q

how do we treat metritis?

A

IV fluids, antibiotics, prostaglandins or oxytocin

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6
Q

how to prevent metritis?

A

OVH

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7
Q

what is the cause of pyometra?

A

bacteria in the uterus

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8
Q

who is most susceptible to pyometra?

A

unspayed, 6 years or older,

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9
Q

what are the clinical signs of pyometra?

A

PU/PD, pale mm, abdominal pain

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10
Q

what is the difference between open and closed pyometra?

A

open - vaginal discharge (bloody or purulent)
closed - no discharge, clinical signs

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11
Q

when may vaginal discharge not be visible?

A

for animals who are constantly cleaning their vaginal area

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12
Q

how do we diagnose pyometra?

A

elevated ALP, presence of RBCs, WBC,s and bacteria, vaginal cytology

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13
Q

how do we treat pyometra?

A

OVH or antibiotics if animal is not stable for surgery

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14
Q

what is the cause of dystocia?

A

number of feti, size of feti, positioning of feti, lack of uterine contractions, small birth canal

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15
Q

who is more prone to dystocia?

A

animals who’ve had previous dystocia, partition that lasts for an extended period of time

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16
Q

what are the clinical signs of dystocia?

A

contractions with no feti production, additional pain noted, foul smell of dead fetal tissue

17
Q

how do we diagnose dystocia?

A

history, examination, imaging

18
Q

how do we treat dystocia?

A

oxytocin, manual assistance, C-section

19
Q

how do we prevent dystocia?

A

proper management, history, pre breeding testing

20
Q

what are the two types of mammary tumors?

A

benign or malignant

21
Q

what increases the risk or predisposes an animal to mammary tumors?

A

young obese animals, high in red meat diet, middle-older aged dogs

22
Q

where else can the malignant form be found?

A

lymph nodes, lungs, skeletal system, abdomen

23
Q

what are the clinical signs of mammary tumors?

A

enlargement of gland, edema, pain

24
Q

how do we diagnose mammary tumors?

A

elevated WBC, decreased platelets, imaging, CT to rule out metastasis, histology

25
Q

how do we treat mammary tumors?

A

mastectomy, chemotherapy, radiation

26
Q

what is cryptorchidism?

A

where testicles are retained