Small Animal Repro

Question 1

Two places the testicle can be besides the scrotum?

Answer 1

1. Intra-abdominal
2. Inguinal

Question 2

Cann you see ovaries on rads?

Answer 2

not typically

Question 3

2 Possible Reasons for Testicular Enlargement

Answer 3

1. Testicular torsion
2. Malignant transformation (possible in cryptorchids)

Question 4

When can the uterus be visualized on rads?

Answer 4

when enlarged (think pregnnancy, pyometra, neoplasia)

Question 5

When does fetal mineralization occur?

Answer 5

45 days

Question 6

Importance of a VD in pregnant animals?

Answer 6

to measure widest point of pelvis and fetal head to avoid dystocia

Question 7

canine pyometra

Answer 7

bacterial secondary infection and inflammmation within the uterus

Question 8

Howw can you tell pyometra from GI problems radiographically?

Answer 8

think about the LOCATION of GI versus the uterus (especially in feline); also the uterus is a PAIRED structure

Question 9

1 sign of fetal death on radiographs?

Answer 9

presence of gas

Question 10

Signs of Fetal Death (5)

Answer 10

1. Gas (fetal and/or uterine)
2. Abnormal positioning
3. Overlapping of fetal cranial bones
4. Demineralization of fetal bones
5. Mumminfication (dense, compacted fetuses)

Question 11

dystocia

Answer 11

prolonged partuition with maternal stress

Question 12

Maternal Causes of Dystocia

Answer 12

uterine inertia, narrow pelvis, trauma, obstructive neoplasia, torsion, vaginal stricture

Question 13

uterine inertia

Answer 13

weak andd/or irregular contractions

Question 14

Fetal Causes of Dystocia

Answer 14

malformations, malpresentation, size of fetal head

Question 15

When do fetal teeth appear on radiographs?

Answer 15

4 days prior to partuition

Question 16

Reasons to take rads during pregnancy

Answer 16

clinical decision making, monitor development of fetuses

Question 17

Are singletons more predisposed to dystocia?

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

Prostate Visibility on Rads

Answer 18

seen in intact male dogs, not seen in cats or dogs neutered early on

Question 19

Causes of Prostatomegaly in Neutered Males

Answer 19

neoplasia (cancer!), prior pathology, late neuter

Question 20

Causes of Prostatomegaly in Intact Males

Answer 20

benign hyperplasia, abscess, cyst, prostatitis

Question 21

Which is more likely to have a cancerous neoplasia - neutered or intact male?

Answer 21

neutered BUT less likely to develop it any growth at all

Question 22

What does mineralization of the prostate indicate?

Answer 22

neoplasia causinng prostatitis

Question 23

In what species are kidneys more mobile?

Answer 23

feline

Question 24

Opacity of Kidneys

Answer 24

soft tissue

Question 25

Ureters

Answer 25

only seen if contrrast studdy is done o urolliths are present

Question 26

In what species is the bladder always intra-abdominal?

Answer 26

feline

Question 27

4 Different Types of Urinary Calculi

Answer 27

1. Calcium oxalate
2. Struvite
3. Cysteine
4. Urate

Question 28

What types of urinary stones are opaque radiographically?

Answer 28

calcium oxalate (usually smaller, round) and struvite (wildin)

Question 29

3 Parts of the Male Urethra

Answer 29

1. Prostatic
2. Membranous
3. Penile

Question 30

Urethra in Females

Answer 30

short andd wide, sits just ventral to the vagina