Equine Urinary Flashcards
Which kidney can you palpate rectally?
left kidney (left and loose, left behind)
Unique feature of equine kidney?
heart-saped (especially the right one!)
Why isn’t radiology helpful in equines and bovines?
Because they’re so damn big!
Reasons to Ultrasound
abdominal pain, weight loss, urinatary problems, incontinence, micturition issues
3 Parts of the Urinay Tract for Rectal Palpation
pelvic urethra, bladder, caudal pole of the left kidney
Why does urine appear gray on equine ultrasound?
contains mucus and crystals
What can be evaluated on a transverse image of the kidney?
renal thickness (ventral/dorsal)
What can be evaluated on a longitudinal image of the kidney?
cortex and medullary thickness, pelvic length and width (caudal/cranial)
How to Image Ureters
ultrasound at the trigone region of the bladder
How to Image Bladder
transrectal ultrasound
How to Image Kidneys
transabdominal and/or transrectal
How to Image Urethra
transrectally, located caudal to the neck of the bladder (can see seminal vesicles in males)
Confirmation of Ruptured Bladder in Foals
free fluid in abdomen (abdominal tap and test for increased creatinine)
Cystoscopy
direct imaging of the urethra and bladder to evaluate health of mucosa, visualize stones, and urine output from each ureter
Urethroscopy
visualize urethra and any defects in ccorpus spongiosum (ex blood, obstructions)
Bladder tumors
more common in bracken poisoning in cattle
