Small Animal Pelvic Limb

Question 1

tear of the Gastrocnemius presents as…

Answer 1

dog walking on tips of its toes

Question 2

tear of Gastrocnemius and SDF

Answer 2

hock drops to the floor

Question 3

Coxofemoral Joint

Answer 3

• hip
• ball and socket joint
• acetabular ligament deepened by acetabular lip

Question 4

transverse acetabular ligament

Answer 4

bridges acetabular notch

Question 5

ligament of the femoral head

Answer 5

attaches fovea capitus femoris to the acetabular fossa

Question 6

malformations of coxofemoral joint

Answer 6

occur via genetic predisposition, vascular or nutritional disturbances

Question 7

hip dysplasia

Answer 7

• can lead to osteoarthritis and degenerative joint disease

- femoral head osteotomy: removal of femoral head(s)

Question 8

Stifle Joint

Answer 8

-3 sacs/compartments
-all 3 communicate with each other:
femorotibial joint sacs (2)-between femoral and tibial condyle
femoropatellar joint-between patella and femur

Question 9

ligaments of the canine stifle

Answer 9

• meniscus: medial and lateral
• femoropatellar: medial and lateral
• meniscotibial: cranial and caudal
• transverse
• meniscofemoral
• femorotibial
• collateral: medal and lateral
• cruciate: cranial and caudal

Question 10

collateral ligaments

Answer 10

• medial and lateral
• prevent abduction, adduction, and rotation
• medial more prone to tear than lateral

Question 11

patellar luxation

Answer 11

medial more common, small breeds usually affected

Question 12

cranial cruciate

Answer 12

• keeps tibial sliding cranially, with respect to femur
• limits medial rotation of the tibia when stifle is flexed
• rupture: TPLO, TTA (tibial tuberosity advancement), Lateral Suture Stabilization LSS
• straighter angle of tarsus indicates increased risk of tearing CRCL

Question 13

tarsal ligaments

Answer 13

• collateral: medial and lateral

- plantar ligaments

Question 14

pelvic canal

Answer 14

region between pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet that imparts protection to viscera of the reproductive, urinary, and digestive systems

Question 15

pelvic inlet

Answer 15

• lateral and ventral boundary: arcuate line of the ilium

- dorsal boundary: promontory of the sacrum

Question 16

pelvic outlet

Answer 16

• ventral boundary: ischiatic arch
• mid-dorsal boundary: 1st caudal vertebrae
• lateral boundary: sacrotuberous ligament, superficial gluteal muscles, muscles of pelvic diaphram

Question 17

fascial planes

Answer 17

• (throracolumbar) fascia of the trunk
• gluteal fascia
• (fascia lata) femoral fascia
• crural/tarsal fascia

Question 18

femoral triangle

Answer 18

palpable region on the proximal and medial aspect of the pelvic limb where the femoral artery, vein, and nerve are located
-borders: base-abdominal wall and inguinal ligament, cranial-caudal belly of sartorius muscle, caudal-pectineus muscle

Question 19

vascular lacuna

Answer 19

opening in the abdominal wall for the passage of the femoral vessels and nerve to/from the abdomen and pelvic limb
-located between the inguinal ligament and the pelvis