Large Animal Pelvic Limb

Question 1

accessory ligament of the femoral head in horse

Answer 1

• extension of prepubic tendon to the fovea of femoral head, deep to the transverse acetabular ligament
• hip luxation rare

Question 2

greater trochanter

Answer 2

• rises above the femoral head in ungulates

- increase torque for gluteal muscles

Question 3

third trochanter

Answer 3

prominent in horses, absent in ruminants

Question 4

medial and lateral ridges of femoral trochlea

Answer 4

larger in ungulates

Question 5

tibia

Answer 5

• medial malleolus significant landmark in horse

- lateral malleolus: on tibia of horse, but fibula of ruminants and carnivores

Question 6

tarsus

Answer 6

horse: 1 and 2 fused, tibial and fibula fused
bovine: fibula=lateral malleolus, central and 4 fused, 2 and 3 fused

Question 7

cranial tibial muscle

Answer 7

O: lateral condyle and tuberosity of the tibia
I: larger dorsal branch-metatarsal tuberosity, smaller medial branch: cross the medial collateral ligament and inserts on the 1st and 2nd tarsal bone (cunean tendon)

Question 8

peroneus tertius

Answer 8

O: extensor fossa of the femur
I: lateral branch: calcaneus and 4th tarsal bone, dorsal branch: proximal part of the 3rd tarsal and metatarsal

Question 9

deep digital flexor

Answer 9

• 3 separate heads: medial, lateral, and tibialis caudalis

- medial: passes hock and rests in groove of medial malleolus and medial collateral ligaments

Question 10

joint communication

Answer 10

• “always”: b/w tibiotarsal joint and proximal intertarsal joint
• “never”: b/w proximal and distal intertarsal joints
• “sometimes”: b/w distal intertarsal and tarsometarasal joint

Question 11

metetarsals II-IV in horse

Answer 11

large central cannon bone with medial and lateral non-weight bearing splint bones fused by interosseous ligament

Question 12

metatarsals III + IV in ruminants

Answer 12

equal sized and fused

Question 13

pin bone

Answer 13

tuber ischia

Question 14

trochanteric bursa

Answer 14

between cranial part of greater trochanter and middle gluteal

Question 15

long plantar ligament

Answer 15

plantar aspect of the calcaneus, passes over tarsal IV, and continues distally to proximal part of metatarsus

Question 16

stay apparatus

Answer 16

• medial and intermediate patellar ligaments
• parapatellar fibrocartilage
• patella
• make a loop and lock over the medial trochlear ridge of the femur
• if patella is engages over the medial trochlear ridge than the stifle cannot flex

Question 17

reciprocal apparatus

Answer 17

• stifle and hock flex and extend together
• SDF and fibrous component of the gastronemiusand Peroneus tertius
• efficiency of energy

Question 18

suspensory apparatus

Answer 18

• check ligament of SDF
• check ligament of DDF (if present)
• suspensory ligament (interosseous) and extensory branch
• forms sling to prevent overextension of fetlock

Question 19

hook bone

Answer 19

tuber coxae

Question 20

paralumbar fossa

Answer 20

landmarks are the last rib and tuber coxae

Question 21

IM injections

Answer 21

semimembranosus muscle

Question 22

stifle joint in horse

Answer 22

• femeropatellar joint
• medial femerotibial joint
• lateral femerotibial joint

Question 23

stifle joint communication

Answer 23

between femeropatellar joint and medial femerotibial joint is 65%

Question 24

pulse in hind leg

Answer 24

metatarsal artery