Small Animal Medicine VI (51-62) Flashcards
Describe the etiologic agent of feline bartonellosis.
What are the clinical signs of feline bartonellosis in the cat?
How do we diagnose canine and feline bartonellosis?
What is the treatment for feline bartonellosis?
What is the etiology of canine bartonellosis?
What are the clinical signs of canine bartonellosis?
What is the treatment for canine bartonellosis?
Describe the zoonotic potential of bartonellosis.
Describe the pathophysiology/life cycle of feline bartonellosis.
What are the CDC/AAFP recommendations when it comes to the zoonotic potential of bartonellosis?
Briefly describe the general characteristics of mycoplasma spp./ureaplasma spp.
Mycoplasma felis is associated with ____.
Mycoplasma gateae is associated with ____.
Mycoplasma haemofelis is associated with ____.
Mycoplasma cynos is associated with ____.
Mycoplasma canis is associated with ____.
What are the clinical signs of feline mycoplasma?
What are the clinical signs of canine mycoplasma?
How do we diagnose canine and feline mycoplasma?
What is the treatment for canine or feline mycoplasma?
Describe the etiology of leptospirosis.
What are the clinical signs of leptospirosis?
How do we diagnose leptospirosis?
Describe the use of a snap test to confirm leptospirosis.
What is the treatment for leptospirosis?
Describe the zoonotic potential of leptospirosis.
What is the etiological agent for Lyme disease?
What are the most common clinical signs of Lyme disease?
How do we diagnose Lyme disease?
How do we treat Lyme disease?
How do we prevent Lyme disease?
Describe the etiology and lifecycle of the feline plague.
What are the different clinical manifestations of the feline plague?
Most cats infected with the feline plague have a history of _____.
What are the clinical signs of the feline plague?
How do we diagnose the feline plague?
How do we treat the feline plague?
Describe the zoonotic potential of the feline plague.
How can we prevent or limit the zoonotic potential of the feline plague?
Describe the etiological agent of feline tularemia.
Describe the distribution and transmission of feline tularemia.
What are the clinical signs of feline tularemia?
How do we diagnose feline tularemia?
How do we treat feline tularemia?
Describe the zoonotic potential of feline tularemia.
What is the cell tropism of Anaplasma phagocytophilum?
What is the cell tropism of Anaplasma platys?
What is the cell tropism of Ehrlichia canis?
What is the cell tropism of Ehrlichia chaffeensis?
What is the cell tropism of Ehrlichia ewingii?
What is the cell tropism of Rickettsia rickettsii?
Describe the general characteristics of Ehrlichiosis spp.
Describe the distribution of ehrlichiosis.
Describe the reservoir hosts and tick vectors of ehrlichiosis.
How do dogs become infected with Ehrlichia canis?
What are the 3 phases of infection with E. canis?
Describe the general timeline/characteristics of the acute phase of E. canis.
What are the clinical signs of the acute phase of E. canis?
Describe the subclinical phase of E. canis.
Describe the chronic phase of E. canis.
List some of the multi systemic signs we may see in a dog infected with E. canis.
List some of the ocular signs we may see in a dog infected with E. canis.
List some of the neuromuscular signs we may see in a dog infected with E. canis.
List some of the polyarthritic signs we may see in a dog infected with E. canis.
In general, how do we diagnose E. canis?
What are some of the clinicopathological findings in a dog infected with E. canis?
What are some urinalysis findings in a dog infected with E. canis?
Describe IFA as a diagnostic tool for E. canis.
Describe ELISA/Snap 4DX as a diagnostic tool for E. canis.
Describe PCR as a diagnostic tool for E. canis.
What is the treatment for Ehrlichiosis?
How do we prevent Ehrlichiosis?
How do we prevent Ehrlichiosis?
Describe the distribution of Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
Describe the distribution of Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
What are the clinical signs of anaplasmosis phagocytophilum?
How do we diagnose anaplasmosis phagocytophilum?
How do we treat anaplasmosis phagocytophilum?
What is the most common clinical sign of Anaplasma platys?
In addition to cyclic thrombocytopenia, what other clinical signs are associated with Anaplasma platys?
How do we diagnose Anaplasma platys?
How do we treat Anaplasma platys?
Describe the etiological agent and distribution of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever.
What are some of the clinical signs we may see in a dog with RMSF?
How do we diagnose RMSF?
How do we treat RMSF?
Describe the most likely etiologic agents in feline rickettsial disease.
What are the most common clinical signs of feline rickettsial disease?
How do we diagnose feline rickettsial disease?
How do we treat feline rickettsial disease?
Describe some of the common characteristics of Blastomyces dermatitidis.
Describe the most common signalment of a patient with blastomycosis.
List some of the common clinical signs of blastomycosis.
Describe the ocular manifestation of blastomycosis.
What would you expect to find in the thoracic radiographs of a patient with blastomycosis?
What clinical pathology findings would expect to find in a patient with blastomycosis?
How do we diagnose blastomycosis?
Identify the fungus in this FNA of a skin lesion.
What is the treatment and prognosis for a patient with blastomycosis?
Describe the general characteristics of Histoplasma capsulatum.
Describe the most common clinical presentation for a patient with histoplasmosis.
What would you expect to see in thoracic radiographs of a patient with histoplasmosis?
Describe the ocular manifestations of histoplasmosis.
What are some of the clincopathological findings you may see in a patient with histoplasmosis?
Identify the pathogen.
Identify the pathogen in this FNA.
How do we diagnose histoplasmosis?
How do we treat histoplasmosis?
What is the prognosis for a patient with histoplasmosis?
Describe the general characteristics of Coccidioides immitis.
What is the most common signalment for a patient with coccidioidomycosis?
List some of the common clinical signs of a canine coccidioidomycosis.
List some of the common clinical signs of a feline coccidioidomycosis.
List some general clinical signs of coccidioidomycosis.
List some clinicopathological findings consistent with coccidioidomycosis.
How do we diagnose coccidioidomycosis?
How do we treat coccidioidomycosis?
Describe the general characteristics of Sporothrix schenckii.
Describe the most common lesions and clinical signs consistent with sporotrichosis.
How do we diagnose sporotrichosis?
Identify the pathogen.
Sporotrichosis
What is the treatment for sporotrichosis?
Describe their zoonotic potential of sporotrichosis.
____ is one of the most prevalent parasites infections warm blooded vertebrates. Only ___ complete the coccidian life cycle and pass _____.
Describe the lifecycle of feline toxoplasmosis.
Describe sporozoites, tachyzoites, and bradyzoites as they relate to feline toxoplasmosis.
What are the clinical signs of feline toxoplasmosis?
What clinicopathological findings would you expect to find in a cat with feline toxoplasmosis?
How do we diagnose feline toxoplasmosis?
How do we treat feline toxoplasmosis?
Describe the zoonotic potential of feline toxoplasmosis.
What is the etiological agent of hepatozoonosis? How is it transmitted?
Describe the pathogenesis of hepatozoonosis.
What are the clinical signs of hepatozoonosis?
What clinicopathological findings would you find in a dog with hepatozoonosis?
How do we diagnose hepatozoonosis?
Describe the periosteal reaction that is unique to hepatozoonosis.
What is the treatment for hepatozoonosis?
What is the etiological agent found in neosporosis? What does it infect and what stages does it persist it?
How do doges become infected with neosporosis?
What is the most common clinical sign of neosporosis?
What clinicopathological findings would you expect to find in a dog with neosporosis?
How do we diagnose neosporosis?
What is the treatment for neosporosis?
In general, what is cytauxzoonosis?
What are some common clinical findings in a cat infected with cytauxzoonosis? What is the top differential?
What clinicopathological findings would you expect to see in a cat with cytauxzoonosis?
How do we diagnose cytauxzoonosis?
How do we treat cytauxzoonosis?
How do we prevent cytauxzoonosis?
What are the different etiological agents responsible for babesiosis?
What is the most common clinical sign of babesiosis?
Describe the general cytological characteristics of Babesia canis.
Describe the general cytological characteristics of Babesia gibsoni.
What are the different clinical manifestations of babesiosis? Which is the most common?
Describe the peracute manifestation of babesiosis.
Describe the acute manifestation of babesiosis.
Describe the chronic manifestation of babesiosis.
Describe the subclinical manifestation of babesiosis.
Describe the atypical manifestation of babesiosis.
Describe the pathophysiology of babesiosis.
How do we diagnose babesiosis?
What are your top differentials for babesiosis?
What is the treatment for babesiosis?
How do we prevent babesiosis?
What is leishmaniasis?
Describe the distribution of leishmaniasis.
Describe the life cycle of leishmaniasis.
Describe the transmission of leishmaniasis.
Describe the pathophysiology of leishmaniasis.
Describe the clinical signs of leishmaniasis.
Describe the clinicopathological findings consistent with leishmaniasis.
How do we diagnose leishmaniasis?
How do we treat leishmaniasis?
How do we control/prevent leishmaniasis?
What is cancer? What are some causes?
What heritable cancer is associated with German Shepards?
What heritable cancer is associated with Bernese Mountain dogs?
What heritable cancer is associated with Scottish Deerhounds?
What heritable cancer is associated with Golden Retrievers?
What heritable cancer is associated with Shellie’s, Scotties, Westies, Beagles and Yorkers?
List some environmental factors that play a role in the development of a cancer.
How does tobacco smoke play a role in the manifestation of cancer in dogs/cats?
How do pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides play a role in the manifestation of cancer in dogs/cats?
Describe FeLV as an infectious cause for cancer.
Describe FIV as an infectious cause for cancer.
Describe FeLV/FIV co-infections as an infectious cause for cancer.
Describe Spirocerca Lupi as an infectious cause for cancer.
Describe schistosomiasis as an infectious cause for cancer.
Describe FeSV as an infectious cause for cancer.
Describe papillomavirus as an infectious cause for cancer.
Describe Marek’s disease as an infectious cause for cancer.
Describe bovine leukemia virus as an infectious cause for cancer.
Describe hormones as a causative agent of cancer.
Describe trauma/chronic inflammation as a causative agent of cancer.
Appropriate cancer treatment of combinations treatments are determined by _____/
What are the three main treatment modalities for cancer? What are the alternate modalities?
How does tumor stage and tumor behavior influence treatment modality?
What are the main indications for the surgical resection of cancer? What are the limitations and risk?
Describe radiation therapy as a treatment option for cancer. What are the limitations?
Describe chemotherapy as a treatment option for cancer.
What is induction chemotherapy? What are the indictions?
What is adjuvant chemotherapy? What are the indictions?
What is neoadjuvant chemotherapy? What are the indictions?
Describe photodynamic therapy as an alternative therapy to cancer.
Describe cryotherapy as an alternative therapy to cancer.
Describe hyperthermia treatment as an alternative therapy to cancer.
Describe immunotherapy as an alternative therapy to cancer.
Define definitive therapy as it relates to veterinary oncology.
Define palliative therapy as it relates to veterinary oncology.
Define median survival time as it relates to veterinary oncology.
Define disease free interval as it relates to veterinary oncology.
Define cure as it relates to veterinary oncology.
Define complete response as it relates to veterinary oncology.
Define partial response as it relates to veterinary oncology.
Define overall response rate as it relates to veterinary oncology.
Define stable disease as it relates to veterinary oncology.
Define progressive disease as it relates to veterinary oncology.
How do we use QOL to assess a palliative response to cancer treatment?
What is chemotherapy?
What is the fundamental mechanism of chemotherapy?
In general, how do we classify chemotherapeutic drugs?
Describe cell cycle chemotherapeutic drugs.
Describe non-cell cycle specific chemotherapeutic drugs.
List the different subgroups of chemotherapeutic drugs.
Describe the MOA of antimicrotubule chemotherapeutic drugs.
Describe the elimination route of antimicrotubule chemotherapeutic drugs.
Describe the available formulations of antimicrotubule chemotherapeutic drugs.
Provide an example of a commonly used antimicrotubule chemotherapeutic agent used in veterinary medicine. What are it indications?
Describe the risks of antimicrotubule chemotherapeutic drugs.
Describe the MOA of alkylating chemotherapeutic drugs.
Describe the excretion of alkylating chemotherapeutic drugs.
Describe the risks of alkylating chemotherapeutic drugs.
List some examples of alkylating chemotherapeutic agents we use in veterinary medicine.
Describe the uses and available formulations of cyclophosphamide/cytoxan.
Describe the special indications and contraindications for cyclophosphamide/cytoxan.
What are the uses, formulations, and risks associated with chlorambucil (leukeran) and mephalan (alkeran)?
What are the uses, formulations, and risks associated with lomustine (CCNU or CeeNu)?
What is the general MOA of anticancer antibiotics?
What are the available formulations, elimination pathway and toxicity concerns relative to anticancer antibiotics?
Describe the uses and available formulations for doxorubicin (adriamycin/doxil).
Describe the excretion pathway and risks associated with doxorubicin (adriamycin/doxil).
Describe the cardiotoxicity associated with doxorubicin (adriamycin/doxil).
Describe the nephrotoxicity associated with doxorubicin (adriamycin/doxil).
What are the contraindications to using doxorubicin (adriamycin/doxil)?
Describe the available formulations, MOA, excretion pathway and toxicity associated with platinum chemotherapeutic compounds.
Describe the formulations, uses, risks and contraindications to using cisplatin (platinol).
What are the uses and special notes related to using carboplatin (paraplatin) in cancer patients?
List some examples of chemotherapeutic antimetabolites we use in veterinary medicine.
Describe the MOA, formulations and risks to using chemotherapeutic antimetabolites.
What is the indiction and mechanism of action of L-asparaginase?
What are the formulations, uses, and risks associated with L-asparginase?
What is the mechanism of action of Palladia?
What are the uses, formulations, and clearance mechanisms of Palladia?
What are the side effects of Palladia?
List some of the different ways that tumors become resistant to treatment.
Define predictable toxicity as it relates to chemotherapeutic agents.
Define dose limiting toxicity as it relates to chemotherapeutic agents.
Describe the general MOA of chemotherapy toxicity.
List some examples of predictable toxicity reactions to chemotherapeutic agents.
What are unique chemotherapy toxicities?
____ is the most important component of treatment for solid tumors in dogs and cats. The ____ is the best chance at a cure.
Describe gross tumor anatomy as it relates to surgical oncology.
Describe pseudo-capsule tumor anatomy as it relates to surgical oncology.
Describe microscopic tumor anatomy as it relates to surgical oncology.
What are the different “types” of surgical oncology?
What type of information can a tumor biopsy provide us?
What are some of the risks to taking a tumor biopsy?
What kind of information can a tumor FNA provide us?
____ can be indicated if an FNA is inconclusive, non-diagnostic, or doesn’t fit with the clinical picture.
What are the indictions, approaches, and cons to a tru-cut biopsy?
Describe the general procedure of a tru-cut biopsy.
What is an incisional biopsy? What are the indications and risks?
What is an excisional biopsy?
What is the general intent behind surgical oncology?
What is a marginal excision?
What is the intent of palliative surgical oncology?
What is debunking? What are the indications?
What are the general surgical concepts to surgical oncology?
What are some general risks associated with surgical oncology?
Why is the extent of surgical margins important?
What is the preferred marginal extent of sot tissue sarcomas?
What is the preferred marginal extent of canine MCT?
What is the preferred marginal extent of feline FSA?
Describe how/why we treat mast cell tumors with surgery.
Describe how/why we treat canine soft tissue sarcomas with surgery.
Describe how/why we treat feline injection site sarcomas with surgery.
What are the general surgical and adjuvant therapy recommendations for feline injection site sarcomas?
Describe how/why we treat anal sac tumors with surgery.
What is radiation therapy?
Describe the direct action of radiation therapy.
Describe the indirect action of radiation therapy.
What are the 4 R’s to radiation biology?
Describe repair as it relates to radiation biology.
Describe reoxygenation as it relates to radiation biology.
Describe redistribution as it relates to radiation biology.
Describe repopulation as it relates to radiation biology.
The effects of the 4 R’s can be estimated from _____.
Describe a tumor that would have a favorable response curve to radiation.
Describe a tumor that would have an unfavorable response curve to radiation.
What are fractionation schedules? Why are they important?
Differentiate between a conventional and palliative fractionation schedule.
What are the modern forms of external beam irradiation? In general, how do they generate electrons?
Modern linear accelerations are typically able to generate both photons and electrons of different energies. Why is this important?
After selecting appropriate energy and particle type (for external bean irradiation), radiation can be further focused by ____.
What are some factors that influence radiation treatment for cancer?
Describe acute tissue reactions as they relate to radiation therapy.
Describe late tissue toxicity as they relate to radiation therapy.
The dosage of radiation therapy is limited such that the incidence of unacceptable side effects is ___. Some examples include _____.
Describe cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas as a tumor that is responsive to radiation therapy.
Describe nasal tumors as a tumor that is responsive to radiation therapy.
Describe soft tissue sarcomas as a tumor that is responsive to radiation therapy.
Describe equine sarcoids as a tumor that is responsive to radiation therapy.
Describe mast cell tumors as a tumor that is responsive to radiation therapy.
Why do we stage tumors?
Ideal staging diagnostics are determined by ____.
How does the biological behavior of carcinomas affect tumor staging/diagnostics?
How does the biological behavior of sarcomas affect tumor staging/diagnostics?
____ and ____ are the two ways we summarize tumor staging results in veterinary medicine.
Describe TNM as a grading scale used to stage tumors.
Describe WHO I-V as a grading scale used to stage tumors.
How do we use our staging results to design optimal multi-modal therapy options for cancer patients?
What is the rationale behind multi-modal therapies in cancer patients?
What are the basic principles of multi-modal therapy in cancer patients?
