Food Animal Medicine VI (35-45) Flashcards
____ is the most widely eaten meat.
List some of the different benefits to pigs.
Identify the pork cuts.
Where in the U.S is pork production the highest?
What are the trends in pork production and consumption in the U.S?
What is the trend in U.S pork exports?
What is the trend in the number of hog operations in the U.S?
A young female that has not yet given birth yet is called a ____.
Gilt
A mature female pig is called a ____.
Sow
An intact male pig is called a ____.
Boar
A castrated male pig is called a _____.
Barrow
A pig gestation period is ____.
What is the term used when a pig is giving birth?
Farrowing
Pigs are weaned at around ____ of age. At this time they are called _____ pigs.
A weaned pig weighing up to about 50lb is called a ____ pig.
Nursery
A pig weighing about 150lbs or more is called a ____ or a ____.
In the US, pigs reach market weight at around ____.
280lb
What are the differences in the hog farms between today and the past?
Pigs are __% leaner than in the 1950s.
How has pork production become more efficient?
What are some of the nutritional challenges in pasture-raised pork?
What are some of the general differences in show/pet pigs versus food animal pigs?
What are some of the diseases we see in show pigs?
What are the consequences of lameness specifically in show pigs?
What are some of the legislative guidelines around owning pot bellied pigs?
Describe an appropriate diet for a pot bellied pig.
What is the purpose of a rooting box?
List some appropriate treats for pot bellied pigs.
Describe the appropriate housing for pot bellied pigs.
What are the different skills/tricks that can be taught to pigs?
List the recommended vaccines for pet pigs.
What are the three most common problems we see in the pet pig?
List some of the different careers for swine veterinarians.
Most commercial pig farms have become _____.
Name and describe the different phases of swine production.
Draw out the pig flow in a typical pork production system.
What is the role of boar studs in commercial operations?
Describe the general process of semen delivery in the pig.
What are the different housing options for a breeding/gestation barn?
Why is breeding the most important job on a sow farm?
Describe the management of gilts in a commercial sow farm.
When will gilts reach puberty? When do we breed them?
Describe the management of farrowing rooms on a sow farm.
Describe the importance of farrowing stalls/crates.
Describe the general management of a pig nursery.
Describe the management of a wean-to-finish pig operation.
Describe the general management a a pig finishing barn.
Describe PSY as a pork production key parameter.
Describe mortality rate as a pork production key parameter.
Describe growth performance as a pork production key parameter.
What are the major advantages of multi-site pig production?
What are the problems with farrow to finish swine farms?
Built in separations, paired with _____ production, provides opportunities to break the cycle of disease transmission.
What is meant by “all in/all out” on a production farm?
What are the general steps to cleaning in food animal production industry?
Describe wash/cleaning as a step in cleaning a food animal production farm.
Describe disinfection as a step in cleaning a food animal production farm.
Describe drying as a step in cleaning a food animal production farm.
____ is a basic principe of preventing disease on swine farms.
Differentiate between internal and external biosecurity on a pig farm.
Describe the biosecurity practices in place that occur during your arrival onto a pig farm.
How should a veterinarian structure biosecurity into their visit to a pig farm?
What is one of the environmental challenges of managing a lactating sow and piglets?
What are the different components of history we should collect in our analysis of a sow farm?
What is the 4 circle method to assessing a pig farm?
Describe the subjective portion to assessing a pig farm.
Describe the objective portion to assessing a pig farm.
One of the most critical components of a pig farm that you should assess EVERY time is ____.
How do we assess feed on a pig farm?
How do we assess water on a pig farm?
How do we assess air/environment on a pig farm?
How do we assess air/floor surface on a pig farm?
Describe the assessment portion of analyzing a pig farm.
Describe the plan portion of analyzing a pig farm.
You should necropsy at least ____ pigs per group and submit to the VDL for testing. Which pigs should we choose for necropsy?
Identify the different organs in this necropsies pig.
Identify the anatomy of the pig.
Fill in the blanks.
A complete necropsy submission of a pig should have at least ____.
What is the fixation requirement for a necropsy submission of a pig?
What are some additional field diagnostics we can perform on a pig farm in addition to necropsy?
What supplies to we need to collect nasal swabs from pigs?
What is the best location to collect blood in the pig?
Define swine lameness.
A significant portion of lesions that cause swine lameness are NOT _____.
What are some common sites for swine lameness?
Why do we care about lameness in the sow?
Describe the relevant anatomy of the pig foot.
Identify the anatomy of the pig foot.
If this a normal pig foot?
Yes
Each toe of the pig has ___ that are aligned end to end. The final ___ at the end is covered by ____.
Describe the relevant anatomy of the ping joints when it comes to lameness.
In general, how do we identify lameness on swine operations?
List some clinical signs that indicate a further elevation of the feet and legs are needed.
How do we use our clinical examination to diagnose lameness in the pig?
Describe the clinical significance of shoulder sores in the pig.
Identify the common sow lesions.
Identify the common sow lesions.
List the major causes of swine lameness in growing pigs.
What are the take home messages from the ISU swine lameness study?
List some infectious causes of swine lameness.
Describe the age group affected, nature of lesions, and additional clinical signs of mycoplasma polyserositits in the pig.
Describe the age group affected, nature of lesions, and additional clinical signs of mycoplasmal arthritis in the pig.
Identify the lesion. What agents are commonly associated with this lesion?
Identify the lesions and which agent they are most commonly associated with.
Identify the agent, age of onset, and lesions in grower/finisher pigs with erysipelas.
Identify the lesion and which agent it is most commonly associated with.
In general, describe OCD as a causative agent of lameness in the pig.
List some manifestations that can pre-disposed a pig to the clinical manifestation of OCD.
What are the two forms of OCD/DJD that affect the pig?
Describe epiphyseolysis as a clinical manifestation of OCD/DJD in the pig.
What form of OCD/DJD does this pig have?
Metabolic bone disease is a disruption related to ____ and can result in ____.
Define rickets.
Define osteomalacia.
Define osteoporosis/osteopenia.
Describe nutrition as a causative agent of swine lameness.
Describe the environment as a causative agent of swine lameness.
What is one way we can follow the progression of swine lameness?
List some of the different diagnostics that we use to diagnose swine lameness.
You perform a necropsy on a lame pig was you just euthanized. You find this, what can you conclude?
What are some questions you should answer prior to choosing to treat a lame pig?
What are some general treatment options for lame pigs?
Describe antibiotics as a treatment option for lame pigs.
Describe corrective trimming as a treatment option for lame pigs.
How can we prevent swine lameness?
What are the basic principles of preventing piglet diarrhea on sow farms?
How can we modify the environment to prevent piglet diarrhea on sow farms?
List some risk factors that influence prevalence of neonatal diarrhea in farrowing rooms.
What are some general strategies to managing neonatal piglet diarrhea?
What is going on in this image?
Piglets in totes already ate which allows piglets who haven’t to properly suckle/ingest colostrum
List the 7 key points relevant to achieving low piglet mortality.
List some bacterial causes of neonatal piglet diarrhea.
List some viral causes of neonatal piglet diarrhea.
List some parasitic causes of neonatal piglet diarrhea.
Describe colibacillosis as a causative agent of diarrhea in piglets (general).
Describe the pathogenesis of E.coli diarrhea in piglets.
What are the clinical signs of colibacillosis in unweaned piglets?
What are the clinical signs of colibacillosis in weaned piglets?
What are some gross lesions associated with colibacillosis in piglets?
Describe edema disease as a causative agent of piglet diarrhea (general).
What are some risk factors associated with the manifestation of edema disease in piglets?
What is your top differential?
How do we diagnose edema disease in piglets?
How do we treat edema disease in piglets?
How do we prevent edema disease in piglets?
Answer these questions as they relate to E.coli diarrhea in piglets.
Pre-weaned and freshly weaned pigs are most susceptible to which pathogens known to cause piglet diarrhea?
What are the different etiological agents responsible for clostridial enteritis in piglets?
What are the different etiological agents responsible for clostridial enteritis in piglets?
Describe the general characteristics of clostridium perfringens.
What are the clinical signs of clostridial enteritis in piglets?
How do we diagnose clostridial enteritis in piglets?
How do we treat clostridial enteritis in piglets?
How do we prevent clostridial enteritis in piglets?
Describe clostridium difficult as a causative agent of clostridial enteritis in piglets.
Answer these questions as they relate to clostridium perfringens infections in piglets.
Describe the general characteristics of rotaviruses as a causative agent of viral enteritis in pigs.
Describe the general characteristics of swine enteric coronavirus disease as a causative agent of viral enteritis in pigs.
Describe coronaviruses as a causative agent of swine diarrhea.
Describe rotaviruses as a causative agent of swine diarrhea.
Why does PED spread so rapidly?
Describe the clinical and economical significance of porcine epidemic diarrhea.
Describe the pathogenesis of porcine epidemic diarrhea.
You receive this histopathological sample of a pig intestine. What is your top differential?
You receive this histopathological sample of a pig intestine. What is your top differential?
What are the clinical signs of PED?
What are the gross lesions associated with PED?
How do we diagnose PED?
How do we prevent rotaviral diarrhea?
How do we prevent TGE/PED diarrhea?
Answer these questions as they relate to rotavirus/TGE/PED.
Describe porcine sapovirus (PSaV) as a potentially emerging pathogen in piglets.
Identify the pathogen. What clinical signs would you expect?
Describe the pathogenesis of Isospora suis.
What are the clinical signs of Isospora suis?
How do we diagnose Isospora suis?
How do we treat Isospora suis?
How do we prevent Isospora suis?
Answer these questions as they relate to Isospora suis in pigs.
Describe the general characteristics of PRRS.
Describe the etiology of enteric salmonellosis in mature pigs.
Describe the epidemiology of enteric salmonellosis in mature pigs.
Describe the pathogenesis of enteric salmonellosis in mature pigs.
Describe the clinical signs of enteric salmonellosis (salmonella choleraesuis) in mature pigs.
Describe the macroscopic lesions of enteric salmonellosis (salmonella choleraesuis) in mature pigs.
How do we diagnose enteric salmonellosis?
How do we treat enteric salmonellosis?
How do we prevent enteric salmonellosis?
Answer these questions as they relate to Salmonella cholearasuis/typhimurium in mature pigs.
Lawsonia intracellularis is the causative agent for ____ or ____ in mature pigs.
Describe the etiology of proliferative enteritis in the mature pig.
Describe the pathogenesis of proliferative enteritis in the mature pig.
Describe the three main forms of porcine proliferative enteropathy.
What are the clinical signs of PPE?
What gross lesions would you expect to find in a mature pig that is positive for PPE?
How do we diagnose PPE?
How do we treat PPE?
How do we prevent PPE?
Answer these questions as they relate to Lawsonia intracellularis in mature pigs.
Swine dysentery is caused by ____.
Describe the etiology of swine dysentery.
Describe the epidemiology of swine dysentery.
Describe the pathogenesis of swine dysentery.
What are the clinical signs of swine dysentery?
What necropsy findings would you expect to see in a pig with swine dysentery?
How do we diagnose swine dysentery?
How do we treat swine dysentery?
How do we prevent swine dysentery?
Answer these questions as they relate to Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in mature pigs.
_____ or ____ are two parasitic agents known to cause diarrhea in mature pigs.
Describe, in general, Trichuris suis as a causative agent of GI disease in mature pigs.
What are the clinical signs of Trichuris suis in pigs?
What macroscopic lesions would you expect in a pig with Trichuris suis?
Identify the parasite.
Describe Ascaris suum (in general) as a causative agent of GI disease in mature pigs.
What are the clinical signs of Ascaris suum in pigs?
What macroscopic lesions would you expect to find in a pig with Ascaris suum?
Describe the most common scenario for a pig infected with Ascaris suum.
Identify the parasite.
Answer these questions as they relate to roundworm and whipworm infections in pigs.
What is the etiological agent and clinical signs of hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) in pigs?
What post-mortem lesions would you expect to find in a pig with HBS?
How can we control/prevent HBS in pigs?
Describe the pre-disposing factors and clinical signs of gastric ulcers in pigs.
What is a porcine rectal prolapse? What are some predisposing factors?
Describe a purse string as a treatment for rectal prolapse in the pig.
Describe a rectal ring as a treatment for rectal prolapse in the pig.
List the major bacterial pathogens that cause respiratory disease in swine.
What are the two broad categories when it comes to swine respiratory disease?
_____ is commonly used to describe the outcome of interactions of multiple respiratory pathogens (both viral and bacterial), environmental factors, type of production system, quality of managements and pig-specific factors (genetics, age, immunological status).
What is your top differential for these pigs?
Atrophic rhinitis is an infectious disease characterized by _____ that progresses to ____.
What is the etiology of atrophic rhinitis?
What are some risk factors associated with Atrophic rhinitis?
The degree of atrophy, secondary to Atrophic rhinitis, is best assessed by _____.
How do we diagnose atrophic rhinitis?
How do we prevent atrophic rhinitis?
Describe the clinical signs, lesions, and diagnosis of a pig with Bordetella bronchispetica.
Answer these questions as they relate to atrophic rhinitis.
Mycoplasmal pneumonia is a widespread, chronic respiration disease of swine characterized by ____.
Describe the occurrence/prevalence of mycoplasma pneumonia in pigs.
What two pathogenic mycoplasmas are recognized in swine? What does they cause?
Describe the pathogenesis of mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs.
Describe the clinical signs of mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs.
What lung lesions would you expect to find in a pig infected with Mycoplasmal pneumonia?
Describe the transmission of mycoplasma pneumonia on swine operations.
How do we diagnose mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs?
How do we treat and control for mycoplasmal pneumonia on swine operations?
Answer these questions as they relate to mycoplasmal pneumonia in swine.
Describe Pasteurella multocida as a causative agent of respiratory disease in swine.
How do we diagnose Pasteurella multocida in swine?
How do we control/treat Pasteurella multocida in swine?
Answer these questions as there relate to P. multocida in swine.
What does it mean when someone says a pig is thumping?
Resp distress, using abdominal muscles actively to breathe
Pleuropneumonia, caused by _____, is a highly contagious disease of swine often characterized by ____.
Describe the etiology of swine pleuropneumonia.
Describe the transmission of swine pleuropneumonia.
Describe the pathogenesis of swine pleuropneumonia.
Describe the clinical signs of swine pleuropneumonia.
What lesions would you expect to find in a pig with pleuropneumonia?
Describe how we diagnose of swine pleuropneumonia.
Describe how we control/prevent swine pleuropneumonia.
Answer these questions as they relate to swine pleuropneumonia.
Actinobacillus suis is an infectious disease characterized by _____. It can be differentiated from APP because it is ____.
Describe the etiology of Actinobacillus suis in swine.
Describe the pathogenesis of Actinobacillus suis in swine.
Describe the clinical signs of Actinobacillus suis in swine.
How do we diagnose Actinobacillus suis?
How do we treat/control Actinobacillus suis?
Answer these questions as they relate to A. suis.
List the major virtual pathogens that cause respiratory disease in swine.
Briefly describe PRCV as a mild cause of viral respiratory disease in swine.
Briefly describe IBR as a mild cause of viral respiratory disease in swine.
Swine influenza is a rapidly spreading viral disease characterized by ____ and followed by ___.
Describe the prevalence and origin of influenza virus in the U.S.
Describe some of the characteristics of SIV that make it pathogenic to swine.
Influenza all started with ____.
Describe how antigenic drift and antigenic shift play a role in influenza viruses.
Describe the pathogenesis of SIV.
List the clinical signs of SIV.
What macroscopic lesions would you expect to find in a pig with SIV?
What microscopic lesions would you expect to find in a pig with SIV?
How do we diagnose SIV ante-mortem and post-mortem?
How do we treat/prevent SIV?
What are the 3 biggest challenges to treating/preventing SIV?
Answer these questions as they relate to SIV.
PRRS is a viral disease characterized by _____.
____ is the most economically significant disease to affect US swine production since the eradication of classical swine fever.
Why is PRRSv such a devastating disease?
Describe the etiology of PRRSv.
Describe the pathogenesis of PRRSv.
____ is the main reason for multi-site production in the modern swine industry.
____ is the main reason for multi-site production in the modern swine industry.
List the clinical signs of PRRS.
List the clinical signs of PRRS specific to the sow.
How do we diagnose PRRS?
How can we control, eliminate or prevents PRRS?
Describe herd closure elimination as a strategy to prevent PRRS.
Answer these questions as it relates to PRRS.
Porcine circovirus type 2 is a very ____ that infects pigs. Infection is widespread but relatively few have ____ due to ____.
Describe the relevant background of PCV2 in swine populations.
Describe the etiology and epidemiology of PCV2.
Describe the pathogenesis of PCV2.
Describe the clinical signs of PCV2.
How do we diagnose PCV2?
How do we control/prevent PCV2?
Answer these questions as it relates to PCV2.
Briefly describe pseudorabies as a causative agent of viral respiratory disease in swine.
List the toxic manure pit gases that can accumulate on a swine operation.
Briefly describe ammonia toxicity on swine operations.
Briefly describe hydrogen sulfide toxicity on swine operations.
In general, respiratory disease problems in pigs are frequently the result of ____ and rarely due to the effects of ____.
It is difficult to keep herds free of respiratory diseases. ____ have been suspected as sources of pathogen entry onto naive farms.
The main control factors for swine respiratory diseases are ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____.
_____ and _____ practices greatly decrease the need for preventive and therapeutic medications when it comes to swine respiratory disease.
Neurological diseases of pigs are often ____. Some of the clinical signs you may appreciate include ___.
List some infectious differentials for a neurological pig.
List some non-infectious differentials for a neurological pig.
_____, also known as ____ or ____, is a sporadic but not uncommon neurological manifestation in newborn pigs. Several causes include high cholera virus, porcine circovirus, and porcine pestivirus.
Describe conventional tremors as a neurological disease of newborn piglets.
What is Aujeszky’s Disease (pseudorabies)?
What is the most common etiological agent of bacterial meningitis in swine?
What are the clinical signs of bacterial meningitis in pigs?
How do pigs become infected with bacterial meningitis?
What gross lesions and clinical signs would you expect to find in a pig infected with bacterial meningitis?
Describe the neurological manifestation of edema disease in pigs.
What are some risk factors associated with edema disease in pigs?
How do we diagnose edema disease?
How do we treat edema disease?
How do we prevent edema disease?
Describe the clinical signs and most common history for a pig infected with hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV).
How do we diagnose HEV?
How do we treat HEV?
What are some risk factors associated with salt toxicity/water deprivation in swine?
What are the clinical signs of salt toxicity/water deprivation in swine?
What is the treatment for salt toxicity/water deprivation in swine?
What is one necropsy finding you may find in a pig that died from salt toxicosis/water deprivation?
The ISU VDL recommends which samples to proper be able to diagnose CNS disease in swine?
In general, what is swine polyserositis?
Name the etiological agents of swine polyserositis.
What are some gross lesion you may find in a pig with polyserositis?
Briefly describe the peracute, acute, and chronic forms of swine polyserositis.
What is the etiological agent in Glasser’s disease? Describe the pathogenesis.
What gross lesions are associated with Glasser’s disease?
How do we diagnose Glasser’s disease?
How do we prevent Glasser’s disease?
How do we treat Glasser’s disease?
What did this pig die from?
What is the treatment for streptococcus suis?
How do we prevent streptococcus suis?
Describe the general characteristics of Mycoplasma hyorhinis.
Describe the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma hyorhinis.
Describe the general characteristics of mulberry heart disease.
What are the clinical signs of mulberry heart disease?
What macroscopic lesions would you expect to find in a pig with mulberry heart disease?
How do we diagnose mulberry heart disease in swine?
How do we treat/prevent/control mulberry heart disease in the pig?
List some common skin conditions in the pig.
Describe the clinical importance of greasy pig disease.
What are some risk factors for the development of greasy pig disease?
How do we diagnose greasy pig disease?
How do we treat greasy pig disease?
How do we prevent/control for greasy pig disease?
There are two types of mange seen in swine. What are they?
How does scabies spread on a swine operation? What are the risk factors?
What are the clinical signs of scabies in pigs?
How do we diagnose scabies in pigs?
How do we treat, prevent and control scabies in pigs?
Describe the clinical importance of lice in swine.
Describe the lifecycle and transmission of Haematopinus suis.
What are the clinical signs of lice in pigs?
How do we treat, prevent, and control lice on swine operations?
Describe sunburn as a dermal manifestation seen in pigs.
Describe pityriasis rosea as a dermal manifestation seen in pigs.
When should we intervene for a sow with a dystocia? When do we use oxytocin?
Describe the different dystocia presentations we may see in a sow and how we manage them.
What is savaging? How do we treat it?
Describe the day 1 management/treatment of newborn piglets.
Describe splay leg in baby pigs. How do we treat it?
Describe the importance of iron to baby piglets.
What are some of the different things we do as a part of pig processing?
Why are pigs castrated?
Describe inguinal/scrotal hernias in piglets. How do we treat it?
Why do we clip the teeth of piglets?
Why do we dock piglet tails?
How do we manage pain during pig processing?
Describe the standard piglet treatment protocol.
List some of the different swine vesicular diseases, why are they clinically significant?
You notice vesicular lesions on some pigs. What should your next steps be?
Identify this clinical sign.
Identify the different swine vesicular diseases based on the images.
Identify the different swine vesicular diseases based on the images.
What post-mortem lesions would you expect to find in a pig that died from a vesicular disease?
Describe the clinical significance of African Swine Fever.
Describe the significance of the most recent ASF outbreak in China.
What risk factors are associated with ASF?
What gross lesions would you expect to find in a pig that died from ASF?
Why do we give antibiotics to pigs?
Describe judicious antibiotic use in pigs.
How do we use antibiotics as prevention or control measures on swine operations?
List some of the advantages and disadvantages to giving pigs injectable antibiotics.
List some of the advantages and disadvantages to giving pigs feed antibiotics.
List some of the advantages and disadvantages to giving pigs water antibiotics.
Where do we give IM shots to pigs?
Describe the general guidelines to giving injectable antibiotics to pigs.
How do we choose antibiotics for our pig patients?
All antibiotics are ____ if they are effective and ____ if they don’t work.
How do we know which pigs to treat with antibiotics?
What should we monitor for in pigs as an indication that they may need antibiotics?
When do we choose to give antibiotics through water?
When do we choose to give antibiotics through feed?
Describe the ELDU of cephalosporins in the swine industry.
Describe the ELDU of fluroquinolones in the swine industry.
When is swine anesthesia needed? How do we do it?
How many grams of medication needs to be added in the producer is using a water tank? Medicator /proportioner?
Identify the daily dose and maximum dose.
All sow housing systems should: ______.
What are the options for pregnant sows during gestation in specialized barns?
Why do we use gestation stalls?
In general, describe swine behavior and social hierarchy.
What are some of the benefits and challenges to housing pregnant sows in individual stalls?
What are some of the benefits and challenges to housing pregnant sows in group pens?
Differentiate between the lesions you may find in swine with FMD, vesicular stomatitis, swine vesicular disease, and vesicular exanthema of swine.
Describe some of the new technology we have when it comes to housing pregnant sows.
What’s the best sow housing?
What is proposition 12 and how does it differ from previous laws?
Summarize some of the sow housing issues that we are experiencing today.
What are the key elements to humane euthanasia?
Under what conditions is timely euthanasia required for pigs?
List some of the top considerations for performing euthanasia on pigs. (7)
List some of the different euthanasia methods for pigs.
____ is the preferred euthanasias method for piglets.
What are stop movements? What are some alternative strategies?
What is depopulation?
