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Alimentary > Small Animal Diarrhoea > Flashcards

Small Animal Diarrhoea Flashcards

1
Q

Define diarrhoea..

A

Increased frequency, volume or fluidity of faeces

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2
Q

Define melaena..

A

Dark, tarry faeces due to digested blood

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3
Q

Define flatulence

A

Excessive gas

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4
Q

Define dyschezia

A

Difficult/painful defecation

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5
Q

Define haematochezia

A

Fresh blood in stool

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6
Q

Define tenesmus

A

Ineffectual straining

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7
Q

How does the workup differ for acute and chronic diarrhoea?

A

Acute - symptomatic treatment

Chronic - investigate underlying cause

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of LI diarrhoea?

A

Lots of mucous
Very frequent
Tenesmus

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of SI diarrhoea?

A

Large volume

Weight loss

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10
Q

What can cause acute SI diarrhoea with no other systemic signs?

A

Diet
Helminths
Giardia
Iatrogenic

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11
Q

What can cause SI diarrhoea with systemic signs?

A 
Bacteria - salmonella, campylobacter
Viruses - ditemper, parvo, panleukopenia
Toxins
Haemorrhagic GE
Acute pancreatitis
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12
Q

How are viral and bacterial causes of acute SI diarrhoea diagnosed?

A

B - faecal culture

V - faecal antigen test

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13
Q

What can cause acute LI diarrhoea?

A

Whipworms
Clostridia
Giardia
Campylobacter

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14
Q

What metabolic issues can cause chronic SI diarrhoea?

A

Hepatic issues, PSS
Hyperthyroidism
Hypoadrenocorticism
Renal insufficiency

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15
Q

What pancreatic issues can cause chronic SI diarrhoea?

A

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

Chronic pancreatitis

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16
Q

What intestinal issues can cause chronic SI diarrhoea?

A 
Giardia
Chronic partial obstruction
Lymphagiectasia
Neoplasia
Food-responsive diease
IBD
17
Q

What intestinal issues can cause chronic LI diarrhoea?

A 
IBD
Polyps
Food-responsive disease
Neoplasia
Chronic partial obstruction
Tritrichomonas foetus
18
Q

How is chronic diarrhoea investigated?

A 
Faecal culture, flotation
CBC, biochem, UA
Serum tests
US
Elimination diet
Endoscopy
19
Q

What are the most common causes of chronic SI diarrhoea in the dog?

A

Food-responsive disease
AB-responsive diarrhoea
IBD
Neoplasia

20
Q

What breed is AB-responsive diarrhoea most common in?

A

GSD

21
Q

How is AB-responsive diarrhoea treated?

A

Metronidazole

22
Q

How is IBD in dogs treated?

A

Elimination diet
Prednisolone
Cyclosporine

23
Q

How is IBD treated in cats?

A

Elimination diet
Prednisolone
Chlorambucil
Cobalamin (Vit B12)

24
Q

What diseases cause protein-losing enteropathy?

A

IBD
Lymphangiectasia
Neoplasia

25
Q

What are the clinical signs of PLE?

A 
D/V
Anorexia
Weight loss
Ascites, pleural effusion, oedema
Low alb and glob serum conc.

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