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Alimentary > Colic in Horses > Flashcards

Colic in Horses Flashcards

1
Q

What is colic?

A

Abdominal pain, usually from gastrointestinal viscus or occasionally liver/urogential system

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2
Q

List 4 causes of colic in gastrointestinal viscera

A

Spasmodic/gas
Impact
Displacement
Strangulation

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3
Q

List the 10 clinical signs of colic…

A 
Pawing
Trying to go down
Recumbency
Rolling
Abrasions
Muscle fasciculations
Looks at flanks
Restlessness
Kicking abdomen
Sweating
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4
Q

What is spasmodic colic?

A

Pain caused by gastrointestinal tract spasm

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5
Q

If pawing is not observed, what sign might indicate that colic is occuring?

A

Disturbed bedding

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6
Q

What might be indicated by shaving’s in a horse mane?

A

Lateral recumbency - indicative of pain

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7
Q

Where do abrasions occur in the colicking horse?

A

Protuberant areas

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8
Q

What are muscle fasciculations?

A

Twitching/shaking

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9
Q

Where does colic due to displacement or impaction usually occur?

A

Large colon

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10
Q

Where are the majority of horses with colic treated?

A

In the field

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11
Q

Why is early referral important in colic cases that require surgery?

A

Increases chances of survival

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12
Q

List 8 points you should obtain when taking a colic history…

A 
Age
Time of colic onset
Degree of colic shown
Any treatments given
Previous colics
Last passed faeces
Management
Worming routine
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13
Q

Why are history and signalment important in a colic case?

A

Can help determine severity

Can help formulate DDx list

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14
Q

What should you focus on during an examination of a patient with colic?

A 
Demeanor and signs of pain
TPR
GI borborygmi
Cardiovascular status
Abdominal distension
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15
Q

Give 7 clinical signs of a mild colic

A 
Occasional pawing
Looking at flanks
Stretching out
Intermittent recumbency
Inappetance
Back up to a wall
Playing with water
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16
Q

Give 8 clinical signs of moderate colic

A 
Restlessness
Pawing
Cramping, attempting to go down
Crouching
Kicking at abdo
Lying down
Rolling
Groaning
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17
Q

Give 4 clinical signs associated with severe colic

A

Sweating
Violent rolling
Dropping to ground
Extreme restlessness

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18
Q

What might pyrexia in a horse colic exam indicate?

A

Colitis
Peritonitis
Enteritis

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19
Q

As colic worsens, what happens to heart rate?

A

Increases

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20
Q

Where do most impaction colics typically occur?

A

Pelvic flexure - left dorsal/ventral colon

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21
Q

What colour is normal peritoneal fluid of a horse?

A

Straw coloured

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22
Q

What are borboygmi caused by?

A

Intestinal motility

23
Q

What does a high pitched ‘ping’ of the abdomen indicate?

A

Gas distension of a viscus

24
Q

Where might you noticed abdominal distension in a horse?

A

Paralumbar fossa

25
Q

List 5 ways to assess the CV system in a horse colic?

A 
MM
Capillary refill time
Pulse quality
Jugular fill
Lim temperature
26
Q

What should you do after examining a patient with colic?

A

Pass an NGT

27
Q

Why is a NGT tube passed in the colicing horse?

A

Horses cannot vomit
Stomach can rupture
Tube relieves gas/liquid gastric distension

28
Q

How much fluid reflux from a nasogastric tube is considered abnormal?

A

> 2L

29
Q

What is the main concern when treating colic patients with analgesia?

A

May mask symptoms and cause colic to appear less severe

30
Q

List 4 aims of the rectal exam in a horse colic…

A

Identify normal structures
Identify gas/ingesta distension
Identify displacements
Identify abnormal structures/masses

31
Q

Describe what can be felt in a rectal examination of a horse..

A 
Large intestines - wide diameter, sacculations, taenia bands
Pelvic flexure - smooth mesenteric band only
SI - Not normally palpable
Caecum - RHS
Spleen - LHS
Left kidney
Bladder
Reproductive organs
Aorta
32
Q

Why might you not perform a rectal examination in a colicing horse?

A

Risk to you/horse

33
Q

What is abdominocentesis?

A

Sampling of peritoneal fluid

34
Q

Describe the abdominal fluid of a patient with a compromised intestine…

A

Contains cells and protein

35
Q

List 4 causes of ischaemia within the abdomen of a horse…

A

Strangulating lesions
Thomrotic lesions
Volvulus/torsion
Parasitic coagulopathy/DIC

36
Q

List 7 strangulating lesions of the small intestine of a horse..

A 
Volvulus
Strangulating lipoma
Epiploic foramen entrapment
Inguinal/scrotal hernia
Intussusceptions
Diaphragmatic hernia
Mesenteric rent
37
Q

Give 2 strangulating lesions of the large intestine

A

Colon torsion

Intussusception

38
Q

Give 2 clinical signs of small intestine lesion of a horse…

A

Reflux

Distended SI

39
Q

Give 4 clinical signs of LI colic in a horse…

A

Potential abdominal distension
Palpable impaction/gas accumulation
Palpable displacement
Usually no reflux

40
Q

Give 2 SI colic lesions that can be treated medically

A

Ileus/enteritis

Grass sickness

41
Q

List 8 SI colic lesions that require surgical intervention…

A 
Volvulus
Strangulating lipoma
Epiploic foramen entrapment
Inguninal/scrotal hernia
Intussusception
Diaphragmatic hernia
Grass sickness
42
Q

What is grass sickness?

A

Damage to the nervous system causing gut paralysis

43
Q

List 6 large intestinal colic lesions that can be treated medically…

A 
Spasmodic colic
Impaction
Left dorsal displacement
Right dorsal displacement
Colitis
Typholocolitis
44
Q

What is typhlitis?

A

Inflammation of the caecum

45
Q

Give 2 large intestine lesions that require surgical intervention..

A

Colon torsion

Non-resolving displacements and impactions

46
Q

What is the main reason for referring a colic patient?

A

Slightest suspicion of strangulating lesions

47
Q

Other than a strangulating lesion, which colic cases should be referred?

A

Small intestinal lesions
Conditions requiring intensive medical treatment (enteritis, colitis)
Non-resolving impactions
Recurring/chronic colic

48
Q

Give 7 clinical signs of a colic patient that indicates referral.

A 
Moderate to severe pain
Recurrent pain
Pain poorly responsive to analgesia
Signs of CVS compromise
Severe abdominal distension
Signs of SI lesions
Signs of stangulating lesions
49
Q

List 7 short term complications of colic surgery

A 
Anaesthesia complication
Post-op colic
Post-op ileus
Incisional complications
Thrombosis
Peritonitis
Laminitis
50
Q

List 3 long-term (>4weeks) complications of colic surgery

A

Recurrent/chronic colic
Adhesions
Incisional hernia

51
Q

Describe the prognosis of simple medical colic

A

Good - 90%

52
Q

Describe the prognosis of a non-strangulating surgical colic

A

Good - 70-90%

53
Q

Give 7 CV signs of a surgical colic

A 
Heart rate >48bpm
Abnormal mms.
CRT >2s
Prolonged skin tenting
Delayed/no jugular fill
Cold extremities 
Poor pulse quality

Alimentary (14 decks)

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