Small animal clinical nutrition - digestive conditions Flashcards
Aim of clinical nutrition in GI disease. (7)
- First option of treatment - fasting?
- To avoid nutritional insufficiency and malnutrition.
- Support and repair affected intestinal mucosa
- Restore normal healthy intestinal microbiota
- To support immune system
- Reduce intestinal inflammation processes
- Contribute to normal digestive motility and functioning
Describe the NUTRITIONAL PROFILE OF DIGESTIVE FOODS (veterinary diets) (5)
Extremely digestible (digestibility of dry matter over 90%)
High quality and highly digestible protein sources
Moderate/reduced fat content
Moderate/raised dietary fiber content or
Prebiotics
B-group vitamins, electrolytes
The extreme digestibility (>90%) of specialty GI diets is to
limit the risk of osmotic diarrhea due to
absorption problems.
The High quality and highly digestive protein sources in specialty GI diets is important for (2)
Important in cases of protein loss
enteropathy.
& Undigested proteins will alter
intestinal fermentation processes.
The Moderate/reduced fat content in specialty GI diets is important for (2)
To prevent bacterial metabolism of non-absorbed fats to hydroxy-fatty acids.
The Moderate/raised dietary fiber content
Prebiotics in specialty GI diets is important for (2)
the Digestible fibers contribute to the colonization of good bacteria in the intestine, inhibit the reproduction of pathogens (inulin, FOS, MOS) and supply intestinal cells (SCFA) & non-digestive
fibers ensure gut motility for easier digestion and absorption.
describe CLINICAL NUTRITION IN CASE OF
CONSTIPATION (3)
*High fiber foods.
*Increased volume of digestive and non-digestive dietary fiber.
e.g. Megacolon in cats – adding lactulose; enemas, if necessary.
CLINICAL NUTRITION IN CASE OF CHRONICAL PANCREATIC
INSUFFICIENCY– ALTERNATIVES TO SPECIAL COMMERCIAL DIETS (2)
Fresh or frozen and thawed bovine or porcine pancreas with each meal (NB! food safety!)
*50-100g per meal
*50g/10 kg-BW 2x day
*Freeze-dried pancreatic enzymes
(e.g. product Lypex)
Describe CLINICAL NUTRITION IN CASE OF FOOD INTOLENRANCE (4)
First must be diagnosed – elimination diet for a minimum of one week (but up to a couple of months in cases of skin problems)
Monoprotein diets
Novel protein diets
Hydrolyzed protein diets
Describe STRESS-RELATED DIGESTIVE DISORDERS (3)
*Long term cases are mostly the problem of small breeds.
*In cases of long term stress: L-tryptophan and hydrolyzed milk proteins ΑS1- casein or α-cazoseptin (product ZYLKENE) can be considered.
*+Pheromone based solutions
nutritional support in canine PLE
protein-losing enteropathy
Feeding a nutritionally balanced, highly digestible, ultra-low- or low-fat diet that provides sufficient calories and protein.
The diet should provide enough highly digestible, high-quality protein to replace depleted serum and tissue proteins.
Prebiotic fiber (e.g., Soluble or mixed fiber) in the diet may benefit some dogs through increased production of short-chain fatty acids by the microbiota.
consider hypoallergenic feeds
nutritional support in IBD
canine Inflammatory bowel disease
Avoid excessive dietary protein to minimize antigens that elicit an immune response (PLE is an exception and requires high protein).
Feed a low-residue diet as absorption may be impaired. Utilize a novel protein and/or hydrolyzed protein diets.
consider hypoallergenic feeds
nutritional support in canine lymphangiectasia
also known as “lymphangiectasis”,[1] is a pathologic dilation of lymph vessels in the intestinal mucosa leading to protein-losing enteropathy.
Dogs with lymphangiectasia should be fed small amounts of food 3 to 4 times per day to reduce distention and/or congestion in the GI tract and possibly diarrhea or vomiting.
Dogs with lymphangiectasia exhibiting small bowel diarrhea should eat a diet with reduced insoluble fiber since this fiber type reduces digestibility and may increase the risk for impaired protein and carbohydrate
absorption.
