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SMAD 101 > SMAD 101: Exam 3 > Flashcards

SMAD 101: Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Bell change on Edison’s phonograph?

A

replaced tin with beeswax cylinders & put loose stylus so it goes across wax easier -> graphophone

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2
Q

What did Emile Berliner create?

A

Gramophone -> got rid of cylinders in graphophone - used flat shellac discs

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3
Q

What is the Victrola?

A

Victor Recording Industry + RCA –> attatched a motor to gramophone

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4
Q

William Paley

A

got money from cigar market and used it to start CBS (Columbia Broadcast System)

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5
Q

Early Recording Industry: Recording Formats

A

78 RPMs & 33 1/3 RPMs (long-play records)

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6
Q

Define RIAA

A

Record Institution Association of America - when you download stuff illegally

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7
Q

Music Business: Big 4 Labels

A

Sony, BMG, Vivendi/Universal, Warner Bros.

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8
Q

Define PMRC

A

Parent’s Music Resource Center - created by Tipper Gore

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9
Q

Define Sonny Bono Extension Act of 1988

A

Change copyright law from life +50 to life +70

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10
Q

Define the Disney Law

A

aka Home Recording Act (1990) - If you bought music, you can make ONE duplicate

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11
Q

Who is Tesla?

A

“Father of Radio” - says we need alternating currents

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12
Q

Who is Marconi?

A

Developed wireless telegraphy - dots and dashes you see in old movies

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13
Q

Who is Crippen?

A

First individual to be caught by radio

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14
Q

Who is Lee de Fores?

A

Created the Audion Tube: vacuum tube necessary for radio waves (Voice over airways)

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15
Q

Who is Fessenden?

A

sent out first radio program on Christmas -> developed alternator

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16
Q

Who is Edwin Armstrong?

A

Father of FM radio; engineer; worked for RCA and Sarnoff

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17
Q

Who is David Sarnoff?

A

said he heard Titanic distress signal; CEO; $$

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18
Q

What are the 3 Key factors to radio development?

A
  1. Corporations (more ppl working on 1 thing)
  2. Experimenters (Getting into a lab)
  3. Gov’t (protecting radio stations)
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19
Q

Who was the first radio station?

A

KDKA out of Pittsburgh

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20
Q

Who was Edward Admaro?

A

First modern journalist

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21
Q

Who claimed to hear the Titanic?

A

Sarnoff? CEO NOT INVENTOR

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22
Q

RCA - Radio Corporation of America - later turns into what?

A

NBC

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23
Q

Define Toll Broadcasting

A

AT&T used lines for radio -> companies paid them to use these lines – WJZ (RCA) ultimately used NO lines

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24
Q

What is an O&O?

A

Owned and operated - independently

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25
Q

How does RCA grow?

A

HORIZONTAL - by buying smaller networks

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26
Q

What was the issue with ASCAP?

A

American Society of Composers and Publishers - Licensing - who do you pay to broadcast: author / publisher

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27
Q

1927 Radio Act

A

established FRC - Federal Radio Commissions

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28
Q

1934 Communications Act

A

established FCC - Federal Communications Commission - still operates today under Julius Genachowski

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29
Q

1943 NBC trade restraint

A

NBC has 2 networks: red and blue –> sells blue to ABC

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30
Q

Idea behind “Soap Opera”

A

advertisers were soap companies

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31
Q

Edward R. Murrow

A

Radio News - made you feel like you were there during WW2

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32
Q

AM Radio

A

Amplitude Modulation - “Bounce radio signal” –> bounced off ionosphere

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33
Q

who created FM?

A

Frequency Modulation - Edwin H. Armstrong

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34
Q

FM Radio

A

You get best signal when you’re line in sight - STRAIGHT signal path - NO bounce

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35
Q

BMI

A

Broadcast Music Industry

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36
Q

Alan Freed

A

Moondog - shows idea of a radio DJ’s influence - fired due to payola (DJ plays certain song b/c they’re paid - coins term rock & roll

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37
Q

What is so important about music on the radio?

A

It was best form of competition against TV

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38
Q

What’s the most profitable music genre on radio?

A

country/western

39
Q

Biggest spikes in radio listening?

A

During drive hours

40
Q

Who is now the audience of radio?

A

Older audience -> now ads need to target older folks

- Clear channel

41
Q

Why are satellites governed differently?

A

We PAY to listen where AM/FM is free

Ex. Howard Stern

42
Q

IBOC

A

In Band on Channel (better) BUT we went with DAB

43
Q

1965 Non-Duplication Rule

A

Says you can’t duplicate >50% of your sister stations program – FCC says “interests, necessity, convenience”

44
Q

Define Convergence

A

pulling all forms of technology into one medium (EX. iPad)

45
Q

define digital divide

A

those that HAVE access to technology and those who don’t

46
Q

Telecom Act of 1996

A

allows more merging -> larger companies can dominate -> you can own up to 35% of national audience (now its 39%)

47
Q

3 parts of a cable system

A
  • head (master antennae @ highest point
  • trunk (cable running from the head)
  • drop (comes off line of trunk and into house
48
Q

Must-Carry Rule

A

Cable must carry local TV stations on your cable

49
Q

what is CATV?

A

cable tv

50
Q

define syndex syndication exclusivity

A

Cable/over the air broadcasting having exclusive rights to a program
EX. Monday Night Football on ESPN ONLY

51
Q

Anti-Leap Frog Rule

A

Cable provider A cannot LEAP over cable provider B, legally

52
Q

cable delivery: define TVRO

A

cable delivery: television recieve only

53
Q

cable delivery: SMATV

A

satellite master antennae TV –> perfect delivery 4 apartment complexes

54
Q

cable delivery: DBS

A

direct broadcast satellite EX. dish network

55
Q

define Fiber Optics

A

hundreds of fiber optic lines in a small cable that carries thousands more data

56
Q

“Narrowcasting”

A

Within cable - aim to be more specific EX. home-cooking, SciFy

57
Q

Cable Narrowcasting: PEG

A

Public education and gov’t channels

58
Q

Cable Narrowcasting: Superstations

A

use satellite technology

59
Q

Cable Narrowcasting: Pay-Per-View Events

A

biggest revenue

60
Q

When was the first computer created?

A

1946 - UPENN

61
Q

Eniac

A

early computer -> used vacuum tubes -> heat created

62
Q

“Tyranny of Wires”

A

Eniac Computer systems - we had 2 connect many tubes to make the thing possible -> BUT NASA solves it

63
Q

Who created Eniac?

A

Eckert and Mauchly –> but they didn’t make $$

64
Q

Who was the first to buy computers?

A

U.S Census Bureau

65
Q

define UNIVAC

A

universal computers

66
Q

What tied Eckert and Mauchly down?

A

McCarthyism -> gov’t saw them as having communist ties -> B/C Mauchly had gone 2 scientific meetings with some people linked 2 commis

67
Q

Babbage

A

FIRST GENERATION created first demonstration of a computer –> development of Vacuum tubes

68
Q

John Atanasoff

A

FIRST GENERATION - IOWA ST. - designed first computer that COURT recognized

69
Q

ENIAC, UNIVAC, IBM 650

A

apart of first generation

70
Q

which first generation system used punch card technology?

A

IBM

71
Q

Transistors

A

SECOND GENERATION - allowed us to shrink space needed -> NASA need 2 shrink computer 2 stick in a space capsule to calcul8 re-entry –> MOST RESPONSIBLE for second generation

72
Q

When did the use of integrated circuits come about?

A

THIRD GENERATION

73
Q

FOURTH GENERATION

A

graphic user interface - mathematical functioning

74
Q

define VLSI

A

FOURTH GENERATION - very large scale integration chips - carry-out more operations

75
Q

define parallel computing

A

FIFTH GENERATION - more than one thing done at a time

76
Q

define artificial intelligence

A

SIXTH GENERATION - robots as aliens

77
Q

How did government stop IBM from getting too big in 1932

A

got rid of punch card system -> GRAPHIC USER INTERFACE -> fourth generation

78
Q

define LAN

A

your e-mail address

79
Q

define WAN

A

GMail, Hotmail, etc.

80
Q

define ARPANET

A

pre-internet

81
Q

define VideoTex service

A

send video through lines, resurrected, video plays

82
Q

define TCP

A

Transmission Control Protocol/ / International Protocol –> setting your JMU e-mail 2 access library

83
Q

define FTP

A

File Transfer Protocol - Permission to download a file

84
Q

define Telnet

A

“dumb terminal” -> pulls up addresses and #s -> electronic phone book

85
Q

define USENET

A

basic bulletin board - direct connection

86
Q

Elisha Gray

A

developed telephone BUT Bell won the patent

87
Q

King Commitment

A

allows AT&T to lease phones to customers

88
Q

Universal Service

A

AT&T would provide everyone has access to phone by means of an emergency

89
Q

Telephone: Define MFJ

A

Modified Final Judgement - courts break up AT&Ts monoploy -> creates RBOC - Regionabl Bell Operating Companies

90
Q

define LATA

A

your local area code

91
Q

What allows you to be charged long-distance?

A

Telecom Act

92
Q

define intelligence network

A

you input data and get a result/change

93
Q

Packet Switching

A

redundant words are broken and spread apart then pieced back together so its face

94
Q

What allows packet switching to occur?

A

DSL

SMAD 101 (6 decks)

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