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Heme / Onc > SM_262b: Intro to Heme Malignancies > Flashcards

SM_262b: Intro to Heme Malignancies Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the types of hematopoietic cells

A

Types of hematopoietic cells

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2
Q

Hematologic malignancies are classified by ____, ____, ____, and ____

A

Hematologic malignancies are classified by cell of origin, cell maturation, presence of genetic abnormalities, and clinical findings

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3
Q

Describe hematopoietic cell differentiation

A

Hematopoietic cell differentiation

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4
Q

Myeloid WBCs include ___, ___, ___, and ___

A

Myeloid WBCs include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and mast cells, and antigen-presenting cells (macrophages and dendritic cells)

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5
Q

Lymphoid WBCs are ____, ____, and ____

A

Lymphoid WBCs are B cells, T cells, and NK cells

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6
Q

Describe normal peripheral blood smear

A

Normal peripheral blood smear

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7
Q

Describe tissues of the hematopoietic and immune system

A

Tissues of the hematopoietic and immune system

  • Peripheral blood
  • Primary lymphoid (cells originate and develop): bone marrow, thymus
  • Secondary lymphoid (immune response is activated): lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, other tissues such as MALT
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8
Q

Primary lymphoid tissues are where ___

A

Primary lymphoid tissues are where cells originate and develop

  • Bone marrow
  • Thymus
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9
Q

Secondary lymphoid tissues are where ___

A

Secondary lymphoid tissues are where immune response is activated

  • Lymph nodes
  • Tonsils
  • Spleen
  • Other tissues such as MALT
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10
Q

Describe the myeloid lineage

A

Myeloid lineage

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11
Q

Neutrophils are part of the ___ immune system and function to ___

A

Neutrophils are part of the innate immune system and function to ingest and kill pathogens

  • 70% of all WBCs
  • Called granulocytes, polymorphonuclear cells
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12
Q

Myeloid classification includes ____ and ____

A

Myeloid classification includes RBC derived (erythroid) neoplasms and megakaryocytic neoplasms

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13
Q

Lymphocytes are involved in ___ immunity

A

Lymphocytes are involved in adaptive immunity

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14
Q

Describe the lymphoid lineage

A

Lymphoid lineage

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15
Q

Describe B cells

A

B cells

  • CD19+
  • Humoral immunity
  • Express antibody on cell surface (B cell receptor)
  • Differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells
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16
Q

B cells originate and mature in ___

A

B cells originate and mature in bone marrow

17
Q

Describe T cells

A

T cells

  • CD3+
  • CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic
  • Originate in bone marrow and mature in thymus
18
Q

Describe NK cells

A

NK cells

  • CD56+ and CD16+
  • Directly kill infected cells and tumor cells
  • Contain and secrete cytotoxic granules
19
Q

Describe histiocytic dendritic cell lineage

A

Histiocytic dendritic cell lineage

  • Clonal proliferative lesions of “professional antigen presenting cells”: macrophages and dendritic cells
  • Classification is somewhat unclear: some are myeloid-derived and others are thought to be derived from non-hematopoietic stromal cells
20
Q

Lymphoma is ___

A

Lymphoma is neoplasms derived from lymphoid cells and typically applied to tissue-based (lymph, spleen, etc) neoplasms

21
Q

Leukemia is ___

A

Leukemia is neoplasms originating in the blood and bone marrow, including both myeloid and lymphoid origin

22
Q

Myeloid sarcoma is ___

A

Myeloid sarcoma is myeloid neoplasms involving the tissue

23
Q

Describe ambiguity with leukemia / lymphoma terminology

A

Ambiguity with leukemia / lymphoma terminology

  • No strict criteria
  • Historical naming practices can apply: hairy cell leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma
  • Some malignancies commonly involve both tissue and bone marrow / blood so the names are combined: chronic lymphocytic leukemia / small lymphocytic lymphoma, B lymphoblastic leukemia / lymphoma
24
Q

WHO classification of hematologic malignancy relies on a combination of ___, ___, ___, and ___ features

A

WHO classification of hematologic malignancy relies on a combination of morphologic, phenotypic, molecular / genetic, and clinical features

25
Q

Describe the approach to WHO classification for hematologic malignancy

A

Approach to WHO classification for hematologic malignancy

  • Lineage?: myeloid, lymphoid, histiocytic / dendritic cell
  • Are cells immature or mature?: acute / precursor / immature, chronic / mature
  • Is there recurrent cytogenetic or molecular abnormality?
26
Q

Describe broad WHO hematologic malignancy classification categories

A

WHO hematologic malignancy classification categories

27
Q

___, ___, and ___ are used to determine lineage

A

Morphology, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry are used to determine lineage

28
Q

Describe categories of lymphoid neoplasms

A

Lymphoid neoplasms

  • Precursor lymphoid neoplasms: B lymphoblastic leukemia / lymphoma, T lymphoblastic leukemia / lymphoma
  • Mature lymphoid neoplasms: Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B cell type, T/NK cell type)
29
Q

Describe categories of myeloid neoplasms

A

Myeloid neoplasms

  • Precursor myeloid neoplasms: acute myeloid leukemiia, acute myeloid leukemia with recurrent genetic abnormalities
  • Mature myeloid neoplasms: myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative neoplasm, myelodysplastic syndrome / myeloproliferative neoplasm
30
Q

Blast is a ___

A

Blast is a hematopoietic stem cell precursor

  • Open chromatin, visible nucleoli, high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, expression of phenotypic markers of immaturity (CD34, CD117, TdT, CD1a)
31
Q

Acute leukemia involves ____ in the peripheral blood or bone marrow

A

Acute leukemia involves ≥ 20% blasts in the peripheral blood or bone marrow

  • Can be less with certain defining genetic abnormalities
32
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms are ___

A

Myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms are malignant neoplasms of myeloid cells with maturation

33
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes show ___ and involve ___

A

Myelodysplastic syndromes show significant dysplasia (abnormal cell changes in myeloid lineages) and peripheral blood cytopenias

  • Myeloid lineages: RBCs, granulocytes, megakaryocytes
34
Q

Myeloproliferative neoplasms involve ___

A

Myeloproliferative neoplasms involve elevated peripheral blood counts

35
Q

___ is used to evaluate for hematologic malignancy

A

Bone marrow biopsy is used to evaluate for hematologic malignancy

  • Aspirate (liquid)
  • Core biopsy (tissue)

Heme / Onc (41 decks)

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