Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Assistive Tech > SM - seating options > Flashcards

SM - seating options Flashcards

1
Q

what is the standard seating system

A

sling seat and back (naugahyde, padded nylon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

standard seating system

what is main advantage and disadvantage

A

**advantage **= easy to fold up

disadvantage = lacks ability to counteract gravitational forces to achieve optimal seating alignment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what position does the standard seating system place the pt in and what is the implication of this

A

puts pt into post pelvic tilt, leg IR, and ADD
* lends to unstable pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are 4 components to meet basic postural needs

A
  1. needs to be safe (protect soft tissue)
  2. comfortable
  3. align optimally
  4. distribute WBing forces across largest area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are 6 benefits of proper seating

A
  1. comfort and safety
  2. self esteem
  3. visual perceptual ability
  4. respiratory status and GI function
  5. B&B elimination
  6. prevent postural deformities

all these benefits are justifiable to insurance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are 5 impacts of a cushion being placed on the chair

A
  1. alters relative seat to floor measurement
  2. transfer
  3. clearance for knees
  4. alters available back height
  5. alters seat to foot rest distance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is prioritized over all things when picking a cushion

A

function
* want to assess how they look seated in it and also how they function/transfer
* will sacrifice things for function even if the pressure relief is good

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why might a pt have some instability in a cushion

A

cushion adds a dynamic component, if pt has poor trunk control it can be more difficult to transfer out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how can the cushion impact transfers

A

material - can make it hard to slide onto SB

contour - hard to get out of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is cushion wear a clue to

A

WBing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does symmetrical cushion wear at the back of a cushion indicate

A

pt sitting properly back and center in the cushion
* this is what we want to see

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does asymmetrical cushion wear indicate and what is the concern with this

A

asymmetrical WBing (ie pelvic obliquity)
* inc WBing inc the risk for skin breakdown under that IT

think ab where you would build up the cushion depending on if obliquity is flexible or fixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does cushion wear at the front of the cushion indicate

A

pt possibly sliding forward, can indicate sacral sitting
* now sitting at front edge in post pelvic tilt
* ITs have slid forward and the majority of weight is there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is pressure mapping

A

flat piece of material w sensors that measure pressures (biofeedback machine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a major limitation w pressure mapping

A

only gives you information on the interface pressure
* don’t know what is happening at a capillary level, what is truly happening w blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are 5 clinical uses for pressure mapping

A
  1. effectiveness of wt shifting interventions
  2. wc configuration set up
  3. comparison of support surfaces (help you pick a cushion)
  4. clinical validation (educational purposes)
  5. documentation and funding (justification to insurance)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how is pressure mapping used with insurance

A

rank cushion for medicare and place in different categories for payment (ie pressure relief, skin protection, positioning, combinations)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does is an important consideration even if a cushion is advertised as “pressure maps well”

A

need to pressure map to individual, doesn’t mean will pressure map well for your pt

pressure mapping is also only one factor in pressure ulcer prevention (shear, moisture, heat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are 5 cushion properties

A
  1. density
  2. stiffness
  3. resilience
  4. dampening
  5. envelopment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the density of a cushion and when is this a significant consideration

A

weight to volume

more imporatant in manual wc - adds added wt to chair for pt to propel forward which inc strain on shoulders

not really a consideration for PWC bc motors are doing the work of moving the wt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the stiffness of a cushion and how is this a consideration for pts

A

give under load

if too stiff, pt might not be comfortable

stiffness is personal preference (like type of mattress you like to sleep on)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the resilience of a cushion and why is this significant

A

ability to recover shape

when transferring, pt won’t land on cushion exact same place –> good resilience makes sure they don’t end up on a lump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the dampening of the cushion and why is this important

A

ability to soften on impact

role in the global function of the pt bc impacts them depending on how heavy they land on cushion when transfer

think ab how SCIs plop into chairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the envelopment, how does it work, and what is a challenge w this characteristic at times

A

sink into cushion and cushion surrounds
* pressure relief bc you have inc surface area
* the challenge is that it can be hard to get out of if you sink deep in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

open cell vs close celled foam and the drawbacks of each

A

open cell = couch cushion foam
* when gets wet, starts to disintegrate

closed cell = memory foam
* can build up heat an dmoisture in certain clients

open cell foam is seen commonly with the “general cushion” that comes w wc rentals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

foam cushion

what is one thing that insurance companies actually do slay with this

A

insurance companies recognize that foam cushions lose resilience after about a year and will let you replace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

foam cushion

2 characteristics
2 cons

A

comes in variety of thickness and densities and pressure relief characterized by cell structure
* lighter weight

cons:
* lose resilience >1yr
* inc heat and moisture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

brock composite foam

how does this work

A

completely suspends ITs w/o them getting any WBing
* puts weight thru PSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

brock composite foam

why does insurance suck

A

can only get approval after getting pressure injury under IT or if had some surgery for IT shaving down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

brock composite foam

2 characteristics
2 pros
1 consideration
2 cons

A

lightweight, specifically molded to individual

pros: suspends ITs
* porous for air flow and wicking moisture

consideration: watch for breakdown on PSIS

cons: expensive
* need certification to fit client

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

honeycomb cushion

what 2 pt populations would you especially consider this in and why

A
  • MS - air flow capability
  • spasms & clonus triggered by moving over uneven ground - shock absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

honeycomb cushion

characteristics
3 pros
1 con

A

“can see thru it to daylight”
pros: air flow, lightweight, shock absorption
cons: firm feeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

honeycomb cushion

how are modifications made

A

use heat knife to scoop material out if want to do modifications for pelvic obliquity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

viscous fluid filled cushions

how does temperature play a role in viscosity

A

heat dependent
* gel is best at room temp
* summer/heat: IT can sink down
* winter/cold: gel more solid and takes a sec for heat to warm it up for transfers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

viscous fluid filled cushions

what is viscosity and what quality of the cushion does this play a direct role in

A

degree molecules move against each other
* important to pt’s envelopment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

viscous fluid filled cushions

4 pros
2 cons

A

pros: dampening, thermal properities, pressure relief, envelopment
cons: heavy (consider w MWC), moisture build up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

viscous fluid filled cushions

why does this cushion slay for pts w asymmetrical WBing

A

have some good firmer things you can stick into it for adjusting w pelvic obliquities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

air filled floatation cushions

how do they work

A

distributes pressure from high pressure areas like ITs by all the little air cells communicating w each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

air filled floatation cushions

what determine amt of inflation the cushion should be for ideal envelopment

A

depends on pt sitting on it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

air filled floatation cushions

what is the proper way to size these and what do you want to avoid

A

you over inflate the cushion, have the sit on it and slowly let air out
* want to be able to deflect 3/4’’ under it (2’’ if high profile ROHO) so you envelop them w/o bottoming out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

air filled floatation cushions

what pt population is this great in

A

wound healing (for pressure redistribution)

42
Q

air filled floatation cushions

1 pros
1 consideration
2 cons

A

pro: allows for adjustment in person’s body mvmt to allow for changing pressures

consideration: need knowledgeable user to inflate properly

cons:
* difficult to correct postures
* difficult w transfers if not good trunk control

43
Q

hybrid cushions

characteristics and how does its composition contribute

A

combination of previous cushions
* air = pressure relief
* foam = positioning

44
Q

hybrid cushions

how can this impact function depending on pt population

A

better w transfers if pt has poor trunk control

45
Q

what are the 3 functions of cushion covers

A

promote air flow
easy to clean
limit moisture buildup

46
Q

what happens if the cushion cover is too small for the cushion

A

“hammock” effect” – pt ends up sitting on cover and not getting full benefits of the cushion’s properites

47
Q

what happens if the cushion cover is too large for the cushion

A

wrinkles and shear forces on pt

48
Q

why is she anti anything over the ROHO ever (even if pt is incontinent)

no chuck or lift pad underneath, pt on cushion directly

A

cover is mean for dealing w moisture w incontinence –> you put anything over the cushion and you don’t get those benefits anymore

she advocates for multiple cushion covers in pts w incontinence so you can have one when you launder the chair

49
Q

where should the pelvic belt fall on a pt

A

anterior and inferior to axis of rotation
* aligns with over the tops of the femurs

50
Q

how many points of control do pelvic belts have

A

4

51
Q

what happens as a result if the pelvic belt falls superior to axis of rotation over the pt’s belly

A

pull pt into posterior pelvic tilt

52
Q

what are the 3 major considerations with pelvic belts

A

watch for Gtubes/ostomies
padding over bony prominences
think ab line of pull

53
Q

what are the 4 main LE accessories

A

hip guides
ADD pads
ABD pads
knee blocks

all of these things are removable

54
Q

what is the main function of hip guides

A

acts as another point of control

55
Q

when would you see knee blocks used

A

pts w strong ext that hip position and gravity weren’t enough to combat

56
Q

what does ADD pads often look like

A

pommel cushion

57
Q

what is an important consideration with ADD pads

A

want to keep it clear of groin bc if go into posterior pelvic tilt the pommel will rub on groin

as a result she limits the use of this

58
Q

what is the function of ABD pads

A

pads to hold pt into ADD

59
Q

what are the 2 main kinds of foot supports

A

ELR
footrests

ELR = elevating leg rests

60
Q

what is an important consideration when using ELRs

A

make sure pt has the HS length
* don’t have HS length –> pulls pelvis into posterior tilt

61
Q

since she doesn’t use ELRs often, when would she mainly use this (2)

A

if using recline function
fixed LE cast

62
Q

what is the problem if the ELR is too low

A

inc popliteal pressure

63
Q

what is the problem if the ELR is too high

A

inc weight to pelvis and ITs
* promotes posterior pelvic tilt and inc kyphosis

64
Q

what test does she do to figure out the right height for the ELRs

A

knee wiggle
* too much = lower leg rest
* not enough = raise the leg rest

65
Q

what pt population is the likely to get a pressure ulcer d/t poorly aligned leg rests and why

A

joint replacements in elderly
* pts don’t move bc it hurts
* people don’t spend time to look at wc
* ortho pt pop can fly under radar for this bc usually think ab SCI and TBI

66
Q

what is a con of ELRs besides implications of improper sizing

A

adds a lot of weight to chair

67
Q

how can the back impact UE funciton

A

impacted if not below scap - in way of propulsion

68
Q

how can the back impact sizing of a wc

A

impact on seat depth if mounted in front of back canes

69
Q

what are the 2 mian goals of back support

A
  • support natural curves of spine
  • counteract gravitational pull on spine/pelvis
70
Q

what is the function of a back support being a higher vs lower height

A

higher = more support
lower = inc UE ROM for propulsion

71
Q

what are the 4 main cons to a sling or upholstery back

A
  1. minimal postural support
  2. inc thoracic kyphosis
  3. dec lordosis
  4. promotes post pelvic tilt
71
Q

what are the 2 main pros to general lumbar support tighter to the pt

A
  1. dec width of chair - improved alignment of UE for propulsion
  2. better supports natural curves of spine
72
Q

what is adjustable tension upholstery and why is this a good thing to push for

A

straps on back you can adjust to tighten up in various spots to inc support and provide a little contour
* no additional steps to folding
* very lightweight

try to talk people into this if lose education battle for the back you want

73
Q

what are the 2 main pt pops planar backs may be appropriate for

A
  1. individuals who need limited support
  2. pediatric - accommodates growth
74
Q

why does she like planar backs

A

human back isn’t flat
get weight on SPs and scaps

75
Q

what are the pros to a curved back

A

more closely matches human shape
inc contact for inc support

76
Q

what is the process for a molded system (custom contour)

A

formed around person w bean bag system that air is withdrawn and clinician/RTS shape and computer regen

77
Q

custom contour seating

what 2 pt pops is a molded system appropriate for

A

fixed deformities
scoliosis

78
Q

what is a drawback to a molded seating system

A

client needs to get put into chair the right way
* which lends to a lack of forgivness w wt gain or loss bc have to get pt back into same spot

79
Q

what is the process for foam in place seating (custom contoured seating)

A

foam created by combining chemicals into plastic bag and client is placed against system and foam fills around them
* you trim excess and can send them along w it minutes later

80
Q

what is the main pro and con to foam in place contouring

A

pro = easy way to get cutomization to off the shelf back, quick
con = not as supportive as molded system

81
Q

what are 3 drawbacks to any accessories being added to chairs

A
  1. added weight
  2. can interfere w transfers (need to be removable)
  3. parts can get lost w multiple caretakes (swing/flip away better)
82
Q

who is lateral support meant for

A

individual w dec trunk control
correct/accommodate scoliosis

83
Q

how many points of control do lateral supports have

A

3

84
Q

what is the winter/summer feature available for lateral supports

A

function that clicks out and in for more/less space
* accommodates varying bulkiness of clothing/jackets -> ensuring laterals in right spots

pts who spend time outside
peds - body jacket

85
Q

what are 4 cons/considerations for lateral supports

A
  1. brachial plexus injuries if pt slides in system/back reclines
  2. restrict arm mvmt for propulsion
  3. adds wt to chair
  4. positioned too close - constrict breathing, impact skin
86
Q

why/how would you sacrifice lateral supports for function

A

restricts UE mvmt for propulsion

she would curve te back more instead of laterals

sacrifice form for function

87
Q

what are 2 functions of anterior trunk supports

A
  1. weak trunk ms, prevents client that lists forward
  2. can assist in keeping shoulders from protracting
87
Q

what are 2 cons/considerations of anterior trunk supports/harnessing

A
  1. watch for Gtubes
  2. could interfere w breathing - make sure pt doesn’t slide down and get choked
88
Q

when are headrests utilized (2)

A
  • when insufficient strength or endurance to hold head in neutral (poor stamina in neck ms or unable to hold neck against gravity)
  • always when tilt/recline is used
89
Q

what is a guiding principle for how headrests should look

A

unobtrustive and as small as possible
“see individual not chair”

89
Q

what is an important consideration if using an anterior head rest strap

A

direct supervision w any pt that has forward restraining device (choking hazard)

90
Q

what are 3 functions of armrests and what is NOT a function

A

functions:
1. prevent shoulder subluxation
2. use for relaxation to dec strain on neck and shoulder ms
3. assist w wt shifting

not a function = upper body or trunk support

91
Q

what is a drawback of armrests

A

can impede access to wheels

92
Q

full vs desk length arm rests

A

full - easier to transfer (esp if stand step)
* impede ability to go under table/desk

desk - get under desk/table
* sit further back

93
Q

what are 4 uses of a laptray

A
  • communication board
  • laptop
  • snacks/eating
  • UE support
94
Q

what are 2 cons to a laptray and why might these not matter

A

does impeded access to wheels
* doesn’t matter if they can’t propel anyway

does add weight to chair
* doesn’t matter if PWC

95
Q

what is an important consideration if putting a lap tray on a PWC

A

make it clear to that doesn’t impede view of obstacles

96
Q

what are spoke guards and what pt pop might specifically benefit from this

A

keeps fingers out of spokes when going to propel

ataxia - fingers would get caught when reaching back

97
Q

what are push rims and what pt pop specifically benefits from this

A

makes rim more available

pt who doesn’t have grip or the ability to grasp so can push on the rim w palms
* ex: quad

98
Q

what is the function of a brake extension and what pt pop benefits from this

A

lengthens brake so arm could reach across to engage it

hemiparesis - don’t have functional use of one arm but can do (I) transfer, this way 1 functional arm can lock wc on both sides

Assistive Tech (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions