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computer science > SLR 11 - Networks > Flashcards

SLR 11 - Networks Flashcards

1
Q

What is a network?

A

A group of connected devices

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2
Q

What are the advantages of networks?

A

Users can share files
Users can share peripherals and connections to other networks
Users can share and access files from any computer in the network
Servers can control security, software and backups

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3
Q

What are the disadvantages of networks?

A

Increased security risks
Malware spreads easily
If a server fails, networks may fail
Computers may run slowly if a lot a data is being processed in the network

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4
Q

What are standards?

A

A set of specifications that allow manufacturers to make compatible products
An example is the use of protocols

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5
Q

What protocols are used to communicate over a network?

A

TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
IP - Internet Protocol
UDP - User datagram Protocol

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6
Q

What protocols are involved in webpage requests?

A

HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTPS - Hyptertext Transfer Protocol Secure

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7
Q

What protocol is involved in file transfers?

A

FTP - File Transfer Protocol

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8
Q

What protocols are involved in Email requests?

A

POP - Post Office Protocol
IMAP - Internet Message Access Protocol
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

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9
Q

What are routers?

A

Connect to Internet Service Providers
ISPs connect to the DNS and other routers

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10
Q

What do modern routers connect too?

A

Devices on the LAN
Other routers on a WAN
Servers

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11
Q

What is layering?

A

The decomposition of networking
Hardware / Software in each layer has a set responsibility providing services to later layers

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12
Q

What are the advantages of layering?

A

Decomposition
Devices can be manufactured to operate at particular layers

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13
Q

What is the most important protocol stack?

A

TCP / IP

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14
Q

What are the layers of TCP / IP?

A

Application
Transport
Internet
Link

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15
Q

What happens in the Application layer?

A

Network applications request data or webpages

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16
Q

What protocols are in the Application layer?

A

FTP / HTTP / HTTPS / SMTP / IMAP

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17
Q

What happens in the Transport layer?

A

Between 2 hosts settings are agreed and applied

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18
Q

What protocols in the Transport layer?

A

TCP / UDP

19
Q

What happens in the internet layer?

A

The router address and packages data for transmission, it routes packets across a network

20
Q

What protocols are in the internet layer?

A

IP

21
Q

What happens in the Link layer?

A

Network hardware sets standards and facilitates binary transmission

22
Q

What are mediums can be used for link transmission?

A

Copper Wire, Fibre, WiFi

23
Q

What is TCP responsible for?

A

Establishing and maintaining end - end connections

24
Q

What does TCP add to split packets?

A

Its number in the sequence
The total number of packets
The port number

25
Q

What does IP add to packets?

A

The Source IP and destination IP

26
Q

What is a socket?

A

The IP address + the Port Number

27
Q

What does the port number contain?

A

The device the packet is being sent too (IP address)
The application that requested the packet (Port)

28
Q

What does the link layer add to a packet?

A

The source and destination MAC address

These are changed every hop in a WAN

29
Q

Why are both MAC and IP addresses needed?

A

In a LAN only the link layer is executed which creates a frame using the MAC address

In a WAN the IP addresses create a packet

30
Q

How does the DNS work?

A

Users request a URL
This is sent to the DNS
The DNS maps the URL to an IP and returns it to a browser
A GET request is sent to the web browser
The page is then returned to the client

31
Q

What is Circuit Switching?

A

The creation of a temporary, dedicated link between the source and destination
It guarantees transmission quality
It can waste a lot of bandwidth as only 1 user can use the route

32
Q

What is the main problem with circuit switching?

A

It has a massive security problem due to the fact that if the wire is tapped all packets can be gained

33
Q

What is Packet Switching?

A

It breaks down data into smaller blocks each sent independantly
It maximises bandwidth but lacks quality
It is more affordable and efficient than circuit switching

34
Q

What are the problems with Packet Switching?

A

Packets may arrive out of order
Packets may be lost in transmission and need to be requested again

35
Q

What does the server do in a client-server model?

A

It manages access and security
It manages internet access
Manages peripheral devices
It provides email services
It runs regular backups of data

36
Q

What does the client do in a client-server model?

A

It makes requests to the server for data

37
Q

What are the advantages of a client-server model?

A

It’s easier to manage security
It’s easier to backup data
It’s easier to update devices

38
Q

What are the disadvantages of a client-server model?

A

It’s expensive to setup and maintain
It requires specialists for maintenance
The server serves as a single point of failure
Users lose access to a network on sever fail

39
Q

What are client-server networks best suited for?

A

Organisations with large numbers of devices where many devices need access to the same set of data

40
Q

What are the features of a peer-peer model?

A

A peer is equal to all other peers
Peers are responsible for their own security and data
Peers have their own devices
Devices must be active for communication to occur

41
Q

What are the advantages of a peer-peer model?

A

Easy to maintain
Cheap
No dependancy on 1 connection

42
Q

What are the disadvantages of a peer-peer model?

A

It is less secure
Users are responsible for themselves

43
Q

What are Peer-Peer models best suited for?

A

Smaller organisations with few devices and users accessing data

computer science (11 decks)

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