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ChemAng > Słówka- Nuclear Chemistry > Flashcards

Słówka- Nuclear Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

transmutacja (przemiana/zmiana)

A

transmutation

changing one element to another or one isotope to another

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2
Q

rozpad promieniotworczy

A

radioactivity (aka radioactive decay)

decomposition of a nucleus to form a different nucleus

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3
Q

rozkład, rozpad

A

decay

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4
Q

rozkład zwiazku chemicznego/ pierwiastka na czastki

A

decomposition

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5
Q

okres polowicznego rozpadu

A

half-life

the time it takes for exactly one half of a radioactive sample to decay

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6
Q

próbka, grupa ludzi (wybranych do udzialu w ankiecie)

A

sample

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7
Q

promieniowanie jonizujace

A

ionizing radiation

the release of energy that allows an unstable nucleus to attain a more stable form

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8
Q

rozpad promieniotworczy wystepuje wtedy gdy jadro pierwiastka ma wieksza energie niz jego mozliwy, bardziej stabilny izotop. przewaznie ta roznica energii jest uwalniana w postaci “energii jonizującej”. jest nazwana jonizującą, poniewaz ma wystarczajaco energii aby zabrac lub dodac elektron do innych pierwiastkow tworzac jony

A

radioactive decay occurs when a nucleus has a higher energy level than a potentialy more stable version. typically this is called ionizing radiation. it’s ionizing because it has enough energy to knock electrons out or add electrons to other atoms, creating ions

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9
Q

rozpad alfa

A

alpha decay

  • too big nuclei
  • can be stopped by a sheet of paper or a piece of clothing
  • creating a helium nuclei
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10
Q

rozpad beta-

A

beta- decay

  • neutron/proton ratio too big
  • can be stopped by aluminum foil or top layers of skin
  • creating an electron
  • when a neutron becomes a proton and an electron
  • creating antineutrino
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11
Q

dozpad beta+

A

beta+ decay

  • when a proton becomes a neutron
  • neutron/proton ratio too small
  • creating neutrino
  • positron is forming
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12
Q

podkreslac, eksponowac

A

emphasize

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13
Q

przestrzegac, byc poslusznym, postepowac zgodnie z

A

obey

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14
Q

rozpad gamma

A

gamma decay

  • creating gamma rays (energy nor particle)
  • not changing a nucleus
  • from excited to ground state
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15
Q

silne oddzialywanie jadrowe

A

strong nuclear force/ strong interaction

holds protons and neutrons together

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16
Q

slabe oddzialywanie jadrowe

A

weak nuclear force/weak interaction

facilitates nuclear decay

17
Q

ułatwiać, umozliwiac

A

facilitates

18
Q

miec znaczenie, oznaczac, znaczyc

A

signifies

19
Q

rozdrabniac, rozpadac sie

A

disintegrate

20
Q

odchylony w dol, odpierac atak, zalamywac swiatlo, odbijac fale dzwiekowe

A

deflect

21
Q

zawierac, obejmowac, skladac sie z czegos, tworzyc

A

comprise

22
Q

mezon

A

meson

23
Q

posredniczyc, przekazywac, transmitowac

A

mediate

24
Q

energia wiazania

A

binding energy
the amount of energy required to remove nucleons from a nucleus
E=(delta)m•c^2
(delta)m-mass defect [theoretical mass-actual mass]

25
Q

nukleony

A

nucleons

protons and neutrons, the particles that make up the nucleus of an atom

26
Q

defekt masy

A

mass defect

the difference between the total mass of individual nucleons in a nucleus and the nucleus as a whole

27
Q

jak obliczyc defekt masy? (delta)m

A

how to calculate mass defect?

(delta)m=the sum of the protons and neutrons - mass of the nucleus

28
Q

rozszczepienie jadra atomu/podzial komorki

A

fission

one heavy nuclus splitting into two lighter ones

29
Q

fuzja, polaczenie

A

fusion
two light nuclei joining to form a heavier one
*these reactions release much more energy than fission reactions

30
Q

samorzutne rozszczepienie jadra atomowego

A

spontaneous fission
occurs when an atom simply breaks into two smaller atoms without outside help.
*the only substance that does it at a rate thats sufficient to serve any purposes is CALIFORNIUM-254
it decays into xenon-140, ruthenium-108 and 4 neutrons
**and the purpose is to produce neutrons for use in other nuclear reactions

31
Q

what nuclear decay will happen if there is to many protons?

A

positron emission (B+) / electron capture

32
Q

what nuclear decay will happen if there are too many neutrons?

A

electron emission (B-)

33
Q

what nuclear decay will happen if the nucleus is too big?

A

alpha emission/spontaneous fission

34
Q

what nuclear decay will happen if an atom is in excited state?

A

gamma ray emission

ChemAng (4 decks)

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